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Chap 13
Chap 13 - Social Behavior
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Altruistic Behavior | helping someone even when it doesn't benefit you |
| Prisoner's dilemma | a situation where you must choose between cooperating or acting selfishly, where selfishness help you but hurts others |
| Bystander Apathy | ignoring someone who needs help when other people are also around |
| Diffusion of Responsibility | feeling less responsible to act because others could act too |
| Pluralistic Ignorance | thinking other know more about what's happening than you do - even when they don't |
| Social Loafing | working less hard when you're in a group than when you're alone |
| Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis | being frustrated makes anger and aggression more likely |
| Social Perception and Cognition | how we learn about people and make guesses about them |
| Primacy Effect | first impressions matter more than later information |
| Self-Fulfilling Prophecies | expectation that end up causing the predicted outcome |
| Stereotype | a belief about a group |
| Prejudice | a negative opinion about a group |
| Discrimination | treating groups differently (usually unfairly) |
| Implicit Association Test (IAT) | a test that measures quick reactions to see hidden biases |
| Multiculturalism | accepting and valuing differences between groups |
| Internal Attributions | explaining behavior based on a person's traits or personality |
| External Attributions | explaining behavior based on the situation |
| Consensus Information | how someone's behavior compares to how others behave |
| Consistency Information | whether someone acts the same way over time |
| Distinctiveness | whether someone acts the same way over time |
| Actor-Observer Effect | we blame situations for our own behavior but blame personality for others behavior |
| Fundamental Attribution Error | assuming someone's behavior is because of their personality even when the situation explains it |
| Self-Serving Bias | taking credit for success and blaming failure on outside factors |
| Self-Handicapping Strategies | creating excuses ahead of time by putting yourself at a disadvantage |
| Attitude | a like or dislike that shapes behavior |
| Cognitive Dissonance | stress from having conflicting thoughts or acting against your beliefs |
| Peripheral Route to Persuasion | being persuaded by surface-level cues (like attractiveness or tone) |
| Central Route to Persuasion | being persuaded by strong evidence and reasoning |
| Bait and Switch | offering a great deal, getting commitment, then adding more demands |
| Foot in the Door | asking a small favor first, then a bigger one |
| That's not all Technique | improving an offer before you can respond to make it more appealing |
| Nudges | small actions that encourage people to do something helpful |
| Sleeper Effect | a message you originally ignored becomes convincing later |
| Forewarning effect | knowing someone will try to persuade you makes you resist the message |
| Inoculation Effect | hearing a weak argument first makes you stronger at resisting a stronger argument later |
| Proximity | being physically close to someone |
| Mere Exposure Effect | liking something more because you see it often |
| Exchange/Equity Theories | relationships work like trades - each person gives and receives |
| Compassionate Love | love based on caring, support, and protection |
| Group Polarization | group discussions push opinions to become more extreme |
| Groupthink | group members avoid disagreeing to keep harmony, even if the decision is bad |
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