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Personality
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personality | Characteristic and enduring patterns of behavior |
| Cross-situational | Across situations |
| Cross-temporal | Across time |
| Most behavior is causes by: | Person x situation |
| Dimensions | How many adjectives would we need in order to describe personality |
| Allport | 18,000 (adjectives of personality traits in the dictionary) |
| Eysenck | 3 (extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism) |
| Catell | 16 |
| Costa and McCrae | 5- most used |
| Logical-content approach | Same personality trait that we are trying to measure, ask people questions to assess the trait-content of personality measure makes sense |
| Face validity | Look at them and tell what they are measuring (making it obvious) |
| Empirical | Giving people series of questions, look at the questions and not know what they are measuring |
| MMPI | Series of questions (usually long) to test a bunch of people called a known group to look for the same measure/pattern of responding |
| Projective test | Psychodynamic approach that is presented with something ambiguous (no right or wrong answer) projected onto the ambiguous stimulus |
| Rorschach | Ten ink blots shown at a time and a person is asked to describe what they see |
| Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT) | Asked to describe the scene/meaning of the image; what they think is going on |
| Self report inventories | Psychological assessment tools that individuals provide information about their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and experiences |
| Openness | Person's openness to new experiences |
| Conscientiousness | Punctual, organized, attention to detail |
| Extroversion | Sociability; preference to be alone or with others |
| Agreeableness | Tendency to have compassion, peacemakers |
| Neuroticism | Emotionality, how moods are (high, stable, low) |
| MMPI | Minnesota Multipersonality Inventory |
| Sigmund Freud, M.D. | Focused on unconscious motives and early childhood experiences, and sex organs |
| Eros | Love |
| Thantos | death instinct |
| Levels of awareness | - Conscious - Preconscious: Below surface of conscious awareness, but not as accessible -Unconscious |
| Id | In the moment and want to feel good. Operates on pleasure principle |
| Ego | Part of us that operates on the reality in between the Id and Superego |
| Superego | Morality principle (knows between right and wrong) |
| Oral stage (birth- 1 year) | Erogeneus zone: Mouth Main task: Weaning |
| Anal stage (18 mos - 3 years) | Erogeneus zone: Annus Main task: Potty training => Ego begins |
| Phallic Stage (4 -5 years) | Erogeneus zone: Genitals Main task: Identification with the same sex parent => superego begins |
| Oedipal conflict | Little boys fall in love with their matters and see their fathers as rivals for their mothers affection |
| Castration anxiety | Realizing it does not work that way and takes fathers morality/see him as a role model |
| Electra Complex | Little girls experience "penis envy" of wanting something that they don't have |
| Genital (12- adult) | Erogeneus zone: Genitals Main task: Develop mature sexual relationships |
| Oral Personality | People that are dependent on others; Indominant -Being passive, follower than a leader |
| Retentive |
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