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Cells
Figuring out you truly hate science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Synthesizes proteins | Ribosome |
| modification and export of proteins | Golgi apparatus |
| where ribosomes are made and receive signaling molecules | Nucleolus |
| allows movement of organelles within the cell | Microtubules |
| controls the passage of molecules into and out of the cell | Cell Membrane |
| where proteins are made and receive signaling molecules | Rough ER |
| organizes the spindle and cell division | Centriole |
| shuttles proteins between organelles | Transport Vesicles |
| converts the energy from nutrients into ATP | Mitochondrion |
| allows the cell to move in space | Flagella |
| controls cell function and site of genetic information storage | Nucleus |
| synthesis and transport of lipids | Smooth ER |
| shapes plant cells | Cell wall |
| digestion of food vacuoles and damaged organelles | Lysosome |
| allows contraction and movement of cells | Microfilament |
| converts solar energy to energy usable by the cell | Chloroplast |
| storage of water, chemicals, and wastes in plant cells | Central vacuole |
| genetic information storage located in nucleus | Chromosome |
| anchors organelles, holds nucleus in place | Intermediate filaments |
| general name for structures in the cytoplasm | Organelle |
| released by the Golgi apparatus, travels to the surface of the cell to release its contents | Secretory Vesicles |
| List seven differences between plant and animal cells | Plants: Cell wall, chloroplast, boxy, green Animal: Centrioles, flagella, round, transparent |
| Describe the steps by which a protein is first synthesized and then exported by a cell | Proteins -> Ribosomes -> Rough ER -> Golgi -> Vesicles (synthesized-which is moving) |
| Is the cell membrane the outer boundary of all cells? | No, some have cell wall |
| How might it benefit an organism to have the nucleus near the centre of its cell? | It's more protected and easier access to organelles |
| Name the organelles that are surrounded by a membrane (these are part of the endomembrane system) | Both ERs, nucleus, golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, cell membrane |
| What are the three parts of the cell theory? | 1. All living things have cells 2. Cells come from other cells 3. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things |
| Controls or regulates the movement of materials that enter and exit the cell | Cell membrane |
| Site of protein assembly | Ribosomes |
| Site of photosynthesis | Chloroplast |
| Fine, long thread like organelles protruding from cell surfaces; used in locomotion, usually 1 or 2 found on the cell | Flagella; animals and bacteria cells (only some animal) |
| Contains genetic information that directs all the activities of a cell | nucleus |
| Type of ER found in cells that produce proteins | Rough ER |
| Threads that are short, numerous, and organized in dense rows providing locomotion | Cillia |
| One structure found in animal cells, but not in plant cells | Centriole |
| Structure, found in the nucleus, which produces ribsosomes | Nuclelous |
| Serves as an external boundary between the plant cells and its environment | Cell wall |
| Not found in eukaryotic animal cells | Chloroplast |
| The scientist who examined dead cork cells under a primitive microscope | Robert Hooke |
| Produces ATP | Mitochondria |
| The term referring to the cell's ability to let certain substances in and out | Selective permeable; semi-permeable |
| Controls or regulates the movement of materials that enter and exit the animal cell | Cell membrane |
| Processes and packages materials for transport out of the cell | Golgi Appartus |
| Network of long proteins that provide structure and support for cell | Cytoskeleton |
| What are 4 things all cells have? | Ribosomes DNA Cell Membrane Cytoplasm |
| Used to move materials throughout the cell and to cell membrane | Vesicles |
| Name 2 differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells | Prokaryotic- No nucleus, small, simple, older/ came 1st Eukaryotic- Nucleus, large, complex |
| What is the primary reason cells have to be small? | Cells have to move things through them quickly. If the cells were big, they'd die. The food wouldn't get in fast enough. |
| List 2 organelles inside a eukaryotic cell that have a relationship in production, function, or efficiency | -Ribosomes and Rough ER- Proteins produced in ribosomes, Rough ER transports proteins to the Golgi -Golgi Apparatus and Vesicles- Golgi figures out where proteins go, vesicles move them to the spots |
| What organelles have their own DNA? | Mitochondria and Chloroplasts |
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