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Unit 5 AP Psych
hey guys this stack is so we don't fail the test and get a 100, go mental health
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dissociative Amnesia | Inability to recall important personal information, usually after trauma or extreme stress. |
| Positive subjective experiences | personal thoughts and feelings that ultimately improve your mental well-being. |
| Resilience | ability to bounce back from adversity |
| General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) | the body’s adaptive response to stress in 3 phases (alarm, resistance, exhaustion) |
| tend-and-befriend response | under stress (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend) |
| psychophysiological illnesses | any stress-related physical illness such as hypertension and some headaches |
| psychoneuroimmunology | the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health |
| coronary heart disease | the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; in many developed countries, it is the leading cause of death |
| Type A personality | competitive, hard-driving, impatient,verbally aggressive and anger prone |
| Type B personality | easygoing and relaxed people |
| Post Traumatic Growth | a positive subjective experience |
| Signature Strengths (VIRTUES) | 1)wisdom 2) courage 3) humanity 4) justice 5) temperance 6) transcendence |
| What are the 6 core virtues | Wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, transcendence |
| Stressors | Any event or condition that triggers a stress response. |
| Eustress | Good stress that can motivate and focus you (e.g., prepping for a big game). |
| Distress | Bad stress that feels overwhelming. |
| Traumatic events | sudden, significant experiences (e.g., loss of a loved one). |
| Daily hassles | small, everyday annoyances (e.g., traffic, homework). |
| ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences) | early trauma can affect physical and mental health long-term. |
| Dysfunction | Interferes with daily life (e.g., work, hygiene, school) |
| Distress | Causes emotional suffering (to the person or others around them) |
| Deviance | Behavior goes against social/cultural norms |
| Stigma | Negative labels and stereotypes that can lead to shame or judgment about mental illness. |
| DSM | The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the APA’s system for classifying and describing mental disorders. |
| ICD | The International Classification of Diseases, the WHO’s global system for coding diseases and health conditions, including mental disorders. |
| Behavioral Perspective | A view that mental disorders are learned behaviors shaped by conditioning. |
| Cognitive Perspective | A view that faulty or negative thinking patterns cause psychological problems. |
| Psychodynamic Perspective | A view that unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences drive current symptoms. |
| Humanistic Perspective | A view that problems arise when personal growth is blocked or core needs aren’t met. |
| Biological Perspective | A view that genetics, brain structure, and chemistry underlie mental disorders. |
| Evolutionary Perspective | A view that traits once adaptive for survival can cause problems in modern contexts. |
| Sociocultural Perspective | A view that culture, social environment, and relationships shape mental health. |
| Biopsychosocial Model | An integrative approach that explains disorders through interacting biological, psychological, and social factors. |
| Diathesis-Stress Model | A theory that a disorder develops when a predisposition (diathesis) is activated by significant stress. |
| Diathesis | An inherited or biological vulnerability that increases the likelihood of a disorder. |
| Neurodevelopmental Disorders | Conditions that begin early in life and affect attention, learning, or social communication. |
| ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) | A neurodevelopmental disorder with ongoing inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with daily functioning. |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) | A neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors or interests. |
| Schizophrenia | A psychotic disorder involving disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior that persist for at least six months. |
| Dopamine Hypothesis | The idea that excess dopamine activity contributes to psychotic symptoms. |
| GAD | Generalized Anxiety Disorder—persistent, hard-to-control worry about many life areas for months. |
| Panic Disorder | A condition with recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and worry about future attacks or their consequences. |
| Phobias | Irrational, persistent fears of specific objects or situations that lead to avoidance. |
| OCD Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | intrusive, anxiety-provoking thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) performed to reduce anxiety. |
| Obsessions | Intrusive, unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause distress. |
| Compulsions | Repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety from obsessions. |
| PTSD | re-experiencing, hypervigilance, avoidance, and mood changes after a traumatic event. |
| Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) | A mood disorder with at least two weeks of depressed mood or loss of interest plus changes in sleep, appetite, energy, thinking, or concentration. |
| Bipolar I | A mood disorder marked by at least one full manic episode, usually with episodes of depression. |
| Bipolar II | A mood disorder with hypomanic episodes and major depression, but no full manic episodes. |
| Mania | A state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood with high energy, decreased need for sleep, and risky behavior. |
| Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) | A dissociative disorder with two or more distinct identities and gaps in memory for everyday events or personal information. |
| Somatic Symptom Disorder | One or more distressing physical symptoms paired with excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors about those symptoms. |
| Anorexia Nervosa | An eating disorder involving restriction leading to significantly low body weight and intense fear of gaining weight. |
| Bulimia Nervosa | An eating disorder with recurrent binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like vomiting or excessive exercise. |
| Antisocial PD | A personality disorder marked by disregard for and violation of others’ rights and a lack of remorse. |
| Withdrawal | Physical or psychological symptoms that occur when use decreases or stops. |
| Tolerance | Needing more of a substance to get the same effect. |
| Borderline PD | A personality disorder involving unstable moods, relationships, and self-image, plus impulsivity and fear of abandonment. |
| Obsessive-Compulsive PD (OCPD) | A personality disorder with perfectionism, rigidity, and control—without true obsessions or compulsions of OCD. |
| Meta-Analyses | A statistical method that combines data from many studies to estimate an overall effect. |
| Psychotherapy | Professional, talk-based treatment aimed at reducing psychological distress and improving functioning. |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers that neurons use to communicate. |
| Nonmaleficence | An ethical principle requiring therapists to avoid causing harm. |
| Beck’s Cognitive Triad | A pattern of negative views about the self, the world, and the future common in depression. |
| Exposure Therapy | Gradually confronting feared situations or cues to reduce avoidance and fear. |
| Systematic Desensitization | A step-by-step exposure method paired with relaxation to weaken fear responses. |
| Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) | A therapy that combines changing unhelpful thoughts with practicing new behaviors. |
| Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) | A form of CBT that teaches mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal skills. |
| Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) | Albert Ellis’s CBT approach that targets irrational beliefs to change emotions and behaviors. |
| SSRIs | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; antidepressants that increase serotonin availability in the brain. |
| Person-Centered Therapy | Carl Rogers’s humanistic, non-directive therapy where the client leads the process. |
| Antipsychotics | Medications that reduce psychotic symptoms, often by blocking dopamine receptors. |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | Involuntary, repetitive movements that can result from long-term antipsychotic use. |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) | A medical treatment that induces a brief controlled seizure under anesthesia to relieve severe depression. |
| Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) | A noninvasive treatment that uses magnetic pulses to stimulate specific brain regions. |
| Lobotomy | An outdated psychosurgery procedure that severed connections in the frontal lobes. |
| Hypnosis | A focused state of attention and increased suggestibility sometimes used in therapy. |
| False Memories | Memories that feel real but are inaccurate or created. |
| Decentralized, Community-Based Care | Providing mental health services in local, outpatient settings rather than large institutions. |
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