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Chapter 4 Vocab
physical science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| neutron | electrically neutral particle inside the nucleus of an atom |
| atomic number | number of protons in an atom's nucleus |
| mass number | sum of the number of protons and neutrons in and atom's nucleus |
| isotope | atom of an element that has a specific number of neutrons |
| noble gas | on of the unreactive elements of Group 18 of the periodic table |
| Unified Atomic Mass Unit | a unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule |
| Valence Electron | an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and that determines the atom's chemical properties |
| periodic law | an arrangement of elements in order of their atomic numbers such as elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group |
| orbital | a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons |
| Alkali Metal | one of the elements of Group 1 of the periodic table |
| Alkaline Earth Metal | one of the elements of Group 2 of the periodic table |
| Transition Metal | one of the metals that can use the inner shell before using the outer shell to bond |
| Halogen | one of the elements of Group 17 of the periodic table; they combine with most of the metals to form salt |
| semiconductor | material that conducts an electric current under certain conditions |
| nonmetal | element that usually is a gas of brittle sand solid at room temperature, is not malleable or ductile, is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, and typically is not shiny |
| metal | element that is shiny, malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity |
| mole | SI unit for quantity equal to 6.022 x 10^23 units of that substance |
| ion | charged particle that has either more of fewer electrons than protons |
| group | vertical column in the periodic table |
| period | horizontal row of elements on the periodic table |
| photon | massless energy-containing particle that electromagnetic waves sometimes behave like; the frequency of the electromagnetic wave increases with the energy of the particle |
| electron | particle with an electric charge of 1-, surrounds the nucleus of an atom |
| nucleus | the small, positively charged center of an atom, contains protons and neutrons |
| proton | particle in the nucleus with an electric charge of 1+ |
Created by:
hmcelreath
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