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Infectious Disease 4
| Category | Generic | Brand | Indication | EK |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allylamine antifungal | terbinafine (PO, topical) | Lamisil | Onychomycosis | Key Side Effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, elevated hepatic |
| Azole antifungal | fluconazole (PO, IV) | Diflucan | Vulvovaginal candidiasis, oropharyngeal candidiasis, invasive candidiasis | Key Side Effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, elevated hepatic transaminases |
| Azole antifungal | ketoconazole(PO, topical) | Nizoral | Tinea infections | Key Side Effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, ↑ liver enzymes. US Boxed Warnings: may cause severe hepatotoxicity (including fatal or transplant cases) and QTc prolongation or drug interactions increasing QT risk. |
| Polyene antifungal | nystatin (PO) | nystatin | Oropharyngeal candidiasis | Key Side Effects: phlebitis, diarrhea, vomiting, anemia, fever |
| Polyene antifungal | nystatin (topical) | Nystop | Cutaneous and mucocutaneous fungal infections | Key Side Effects: burning, itching Other Notes: only use oral solutions for thrush |
| Echinocandin antifungal | micafungin (IV) | Mycamine | Invasive candidiasis | Key Side Effects: no major side effects |
| Glucocorticoid and azole antifungal | betamethasone and clotrimazole (topical) | Lotrisone | Cutaneous fungal infections | Key Side Effects: burning, itching, dryness, skin atrophy Other Notes: do not use for diaper dermatitis; adrenal suppression with long-term use over large areas of skin |
| Neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral | oseltamivir (PO) | Tamiflu | Influenza | Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, neuropsychiatric events (i.e., confusion, delirium, hallucinations) in pediatric patients (rare) |
| Antiviral | acyclovir (PO, IV) | Zovirax | Herpes simplex virus | Key Side Effects: nausea, increased hepatic transaminases, crystalluria Other Notes: vesicant |
| Antiviral | valacyclovir (PO) | Valtrex | Herpes simplex virus | Key Side Effects: nausea, increased hepatic transaminases |
| Antiviral | nirmatrelvir + ritonavir (PO) | Paxlovid | COVID-19 | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, dysgeusia US Boxed Warning: significant drug interactions; strong CYP3A inhibitor |
| Antiviral | remdesivir (IV) | Veklury | COVID-19 | Key Side Effects: hyperglycemia, renal impairment |
| Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) | emtricitabine + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (PO) | Truvada | HIV Infection, PreP: preexposure prophylaxis; PEP: postexposure prophylaxis | Key Side Effects: decreased bone mineral density, kidney injury, nausea, diarrhea US Boxed Warnings: post treatment acute exacerbation of hepatitis B, risk of drug resistance with use for preexposure prophylaxis |
| Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) and Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) | emtricitabine (NRTI) + tenofovir alafenamide (NRTI) + bictegravir (INSTI) (PO) | Biktarvy | HIV infection | Key Side Effects: ↑ bilirubin, headache, weight gain, insomnia, diarrhea, nausea. US Boxed Warning: post-treatment acute hepatitis B exacerbation. Other Notes: take 2 h before or 6 h after Ca, Al, Mg, or Fe products. |