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REL 131 Test #2

TermDefinition
Christ The title, also treated as a name, given to Jesus ("the Messiah").
Son of Man A title Jesus used to refer to himself that signifies both his full humanity and his divine authority to judge and rule.
Son of David Signifies Jesus's role as the prophesied Messiah from the royal lineage of King David, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies.
Faithful Adam, True Israel Theological concept, particularly in Reformed theology, that views Jesus as the perfect fulfillment of Adam's role and the successor to Israel's failed attempts to be faithful.
Son of God Jesus is both fully human and fully divine, sharing the same essence or nature as God the Father, rather than having a literal, earthly father.
Servant of the Lord Jesus, as the Son of God, humbled himself and willingly obeyed God's will to serve humanity, ultimately sacrificing his life for salvation.
Incarnation The doctrine that God the Son took on human form as Jesus Christ, becoming fully divine and fully human at the same time.
Ebionitism Belief that Jesus Christ was not God (just a man, like a prophet).
Docetism Early church heresy that denied Jesus Christ as fully human (only appeared as).
Arianism Only the Father is God in the fullest sense; the Son and the Spirit are ontologically inferior. According to Arianism, the Son is the first created being (divine promotion).
Apollinarianism Jesus Christ was divine on the inside, human on the outside.
Nestorianism Jesus Christ as the union of two separate persons (one human, one divine).
Active Obedience Jesus Christ's fulfillment of the law on behalf of his people.
Passive Obedience Jesus Christ's suffering the penalty of sin and death on behalf of his people.
Atonement The act of reconciling humanity with God through the sacrificial death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Resurrection The belief that Jesus Christ rose from the dead after his crucifixion and the subsequent resurrection of believers after death.
Penal Substitution Doctrine according to which Jesus Christ's sacrifice was the payment of a debt to divine justice as a substitute for his people.
Christus Victor A Christian theory of atonement that views Jesus's death and resurrection as a decisive victory over the powers of sin, death, and the devil.
Ransom Theory A Christian doctrine of atonement that proposes Jesus' death was a payment, or ransom, to free humanity from the power of sin and death.
Moral Influence A theological view of the atonement that suggests Jesus's death's primary purpose was to influence humanity toward moral betterment by demonstrating God's love, leading people to repent and live a more ethical life.
Universalism Everyone will be saved (all sins of all people).
Hypothetical Atonement Jesus died to make salvation possible for all people (human choice).
Particular Redemption/Limited Atonement Jesus' death pays for all the sins of some people (sufficient for all, efficient for elect).
History of Salvation The historical events of Christ's life, death, resurrection, and ascension and the coming of the Spirit.
Election The idea that some humans were chosen beforehand. Prevenius grace says that God's grace goes before. Unconditional election says that God causes salvation and we, spiritually dead, are unable to choose him.
Calling The primary call to salvation and a personal, specific call to a particular life or service.
Justification God's righteous declaration on sinners (to be made in-the-right before God).
Sanctification The process of being made holy or "set apart" for God's purposes.
Holy Spirit The third person of the Trinity, considered to be fully God alongside the Father and the Son.
Adoption God's gracious act of making believers His children through Jesus Christ.
Order of Salvation The logical order as to how the Spirit applies the benefits of Christ to individuals.
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