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Energy forLife Vocab
Energy for Life Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| autotroph | organism that makes its own food |
| cellular respiration | process in which cells break down glucose and make ATP for energy |
| consumer | organism that consumes other organisms for food |
| energy | ability to do work |
| food | organic molecules such as glucose that organisms use for chemical energy |
| glucose | simple carbohydrate with the chemical formula C6 H12 O6 that is the nearly universal food for life |
| heterotroph | organism that gets food by consuming other organisms |
| photosynthesis | process of using the energy in sunlight to make food (glucose |
| producer | organism that produces food for itself and other organism |
| Calvin Cycle | second stage of photosynthesis in which carbon atoms from carbon dioxide are combined, using the energy in ATP and NADPH, to make glucose |
| chemosynthesis | process of using energy in chemical compounds to make food |
| chlorophyl | green pigment in a chloroplast that absorbs sunlight in the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| electron transport chain | series of electron-transport molecules that pass high energy electrons from molecule and capture their energy |
| grana | within the chloroplast, consists of sac-like membranes, known as thylakoid membranes |
| light reactions | first stage of photosynthesis in which light energy from the sun is captured and changed into chemical energy that is stored in ATP and NADPH |
| photosystem | group of molecules, including chlorophyll, in the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that captures light energy |
| stroma | space outside the thylakoid membranes of chloroplast where the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis takes place |
| thylakoid membrane | membrane in a chloroplast where the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| aerobic respiration | type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen |
| anaerobic respiration | type of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen |
| glycolysis | first stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is split, in the absence of oxygen, to form two molecules of pyruvate (pyruvic acid) and two (net) molecules of ATP |
| Krebs cycle | second stage of aerobic respiration in which two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules from the first stage react to form ATP, NADH, and FADH2 |
| alcoholic fermentation | type of anaerobic respiration that includes glycosis followed by the conversion of pyruvic acid to ethanol and carbon dioxide and the formation of NAD |
| fermentation | type of anaerobic respiration that includes glycosis followed by the conversion of pyruvic acid to one or more other compunds and the formation of NAD |
| lactic acid fermentation | type of anaerobic respiration that includes glycosis followed by the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid and the formation of NAD |
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