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Chap 2
Chap 2 - Methods
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Science | a method for gaining and testing knowledge |
| Hypothesis | a clear, testable prediction |
| Replicable Results | results that others can repeat using the same steps |
| Meta-analysis | combines many studies to see the overall pattern |
| Theory | a broad explanation that organizes facts and predicts outcomes |
| Falsifiable | something that can be proven wrong with evidence |
| Burden of Proof | the responsibility to show evidence for your claim |
| Parsimony | the simplest explanation is usually best |
| Extrasensory Perception (ESP) | the claim of getting information without using the sense (like telepathy) |
| Basic Research | done to learn more about how things work |
| Applied Research | done to solve real-world problems |
| Operational Definition | a clear description of how something is measured |
| Convenience Sample | easy to reach group of people |
| Representative Sample | group that closely matches the larger population |
| Random Sample | everyone in the population has an equal chance of being chosen |
| Cross-Cultural Sample | includes people from two or more cultures |
| Case History | detailed study of one person |
| Naturalistic Observation | watching behaviors in a natural setting |
| Survey | asking people questions about beliefs, attitudes, or behavior |
| Correlation | shows how two variables are related |
| Correlation Coeffiecient | a number showing how strong the relationship is |
| Illusory Correlation | thinking two things are related when they're not |
| Experiment | a study where one factor is changed to see its effect on another |
| Independent Variable | what the researcher changes or controls |
| Dependent Variable | what the researcher measures as the result |
| Experimental Group | the group that gets the treatment or change |
| Blind Observer | someone recording results without knowing what's expected |
| Demand Characteristics | hints that make participants guess what the study wants |
| Descriptive Statistics | numbers that summarize the data |
| Mean | average score |
| Normal Distribution | a balanced, bell-shaped curve of data |
| Median | the middle score when all are listed from highest to lowest |
| Mode | the most common score |