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Life Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Organ | A body part made of tissues that work together to do an important job that helps the whole body function. |
| Large intestine | An organ that absorbs water from leftover food and forms solid waste for the body to remove. |
| Stomach | A muscular organ that mixes food with acids and breaks it into smaller pieces so digestion can continue. |
| Kidneys | Organs that filter blood to remove waste and extra water, creating urine to help keep the body balanced and healthy. |
| Bladder | An organ that stores urine until the body is ready to release it. |
| liver | A large organ that filters harmful substances from the blood, stores nutrients, and makes bile to help digest fats. |
| pancreas | An organ that releases enzymes to help digest food and makes hormones, like insulin, to control blood sugar. |
| Small intestine | A long organ where most digestion happens. It breaks food down and absorbs nutrients your body needs. |
| Sensory organs | Organs like the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin that collect information about the environment and send it to the brain. |
| Brain | The control center of the body. It receives information, makes decisions, and sends signals to the body to act. |
| Lungs | Organs that bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide. They work with the heart to supply oxygen to all cells. |
| Heart | A muscular organ that pumps blood through the body, delivering oxygen so your cells can stay alive. |
| Skeleton | A framework of bones that gives the body shape, protects organs, and works with muscles so you can move. |
| Muscle | An organ that tightens and relaxes to create movement. Muscles work with bones and the brain to help the body move and stay strong. |
| Skin | The body’s largest organ that protects you, helps control temperature, and lets you feel touch and pain through nerves. |
| adaptations | Traits or behaviors that help an organism survive in its environment. They develop over many generations and improve the organism’s chances of living and reproducing. |
| consumer | An organism that must eat other plants or animals to get energy. Consumers depend on producers and other consumers in a food chain. |
| amphibians | Animals that begin life in water with gills and later develop lungs to live on land. Their smooth, moist skin helps them survive in both environments. |
| mammals | Animals that have hair or fur, give live birth (most of them), and produce milk to feed their young. Mammals are warm-blooded and maintain a steady body temperature. |
| reptile | Cold-blooded animals with dry, scaly skin that usually lay eggs on land. They rely on their environment to control their body temperature. |
| fish | Animals that live entirely in water, breathe through gills, and have fins and scales. Fish are cold-blooded and depend on water for survival. |
| arthropod | Animals with jointed legs, segmented bodies, and exoskeletons, such as insects, spiders, and crabs. They molt their exoskeleton as they grow. |
| invertebrate | Animals that do not have a backbone. Most animals on Earth are invertebrates, and they use other structures for support. |
| vertebrate | Animals with a backbone that protects the spinal cord. Vertebrates include mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians. |
| exoskeleton | A hard outer covering that supports and protects an animal’s body. Arthropods rely on it for strength and must shed it to grow. |
| nymph | The young stage of insects that go through incomplete metamorphosis. A nymph looks like a smaller version of the adult but grows and molts before reaching maturity. |
| complete metamorphosis | A life cycle with four stages—egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The organism changes its body form completely at each stage, creating very different-looking life phases (like a caterpillar becoming a butterfly). |
| Incomplete metamorphosis | A life cycle with three stages—egg, nymph, and adult. The young (nymph) looks similar to the adult and grows by molting, but it does not completely change its body form. |
| larva | The stage in complete metamorphosis that hatches from the egg. A larva looks very different from the adult and spends most of its time eating and growing (like a caterpillar or maggot). |
| pupa | The stage in complete metamorphosis where the organism is protected inside a casing (like a chrysalis). Inside, its body is reorganized and transformed into its adult form. |
| roots | Parts of a plant that anchor it in the ground, absorb water and nutrients, and store food the plant needs to survive. |
| stem | The structure that supports the plant, holds leaves up to the sunlight, and carries water and nutrients between roots and leaves. |
| needle | A thin, pointed leaf found on some plants (like pine trees). Needles help reduce water loss and protect the plant in harsh climates. |
| leaves | Plant structures that capture sunlight and use it to make food through photosynthesis. They also help control water and gas exchange. |
| flower | The reproductive part of a flowering plant. Flowers attract pollinators and produce seeds that allow the plant to reproduce. |
| fruit | A structure that forms from the flower’s ovary and protects the seeds. Fruits help with seed dispersal by animals, wind, or water. |
| spore | A tiny reproductive cell that can grow into a new plant without needing a seed. Ferns, fungi, and mosses use spores to reproduce. |
| seeds | Structures that contain a young plant and stored food. Seeds allow plants to grow when conditions are right. |
| cones | Reproductive structures of conifer plants. They produce and protect seeds without forming flowers. |
| petal | Colorful parts of a flower that attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and birds. |
| pistil | The female reproductive part of a flower. It includes the stigma, style, and ovary and helps collect pollen for fertilization. |
| Seed dispersal | The process of spreading seeds away from the parent plant. Dispersal helps reduce competition and allows plants to grow in new areas. |
| stamen | The male reproductive part of a flower. It produces pollen, which must reach the pistil for fertilization to happen. |
| Conifer plant | A plant that produces seeds in cones instead of flowers. Most conifers have needles and stay green all year (evergreens). |
| producer | An organism, like a plant, that makes its own food through photosynthesis. Producers provide energy for all other organisms in a food chain. |
| ovary | The part of the pistil that holds the ovules (future seeds). After fertilization, the ovary develops into a fruit. |
| fertilization | When pollen reaches the ovule inside the ovary, combining genetic material to form a seed. |
| germination | The process of a seed sprouting and beginning to grow into a young plant when it has water, oxygen, and the right temperature. |
| pollination | The transfer of pollen from the stamen to the pistil. This process must happen before fertilization and seed formation. |
| photosynthesis | The process plants use to make food by using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create sugar and oxygen. |
| Flowering plant | A plant that produces flowers and seeds inside fruits. Examples include citrus, roses, beans, and sunflowers. |
| Non-flowering plant | A plant that reproduces without flowers. These plants use cones or spores, like pine trees, mosses, or ferns. |
| life-cycle | The stages an organism goes through from birth, to growth, to reproduction, and finally to death. |
| adaptations | Traits or behaviors that help a plant or animal survive in its environment and improve its chances of reproducing. |
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msleiva5thgradescience
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