Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psych Unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Developmental psychologists | study of people and how they change throughout their lifespans |
| Developmental age | measure of a child's development using age norms |
| cross-sectional studies | observes individuals at 1 point in time to track difference related to age |
| longitudinal study | studying the same individuals over a long period of time to track differences related to age |
| Longitudinal because they notice change over time | Which is better: a cross-sectional study or longitudinal study? |
| Nature | you are who you are because of genetics |
| Nurture | the environment that you are surrounded with make you who you are |
| Monozygotic twins | 1 egg fertilized by 1 sperm and then the egg splits in half, developing 2 fetuses |
| dizygotic twins | 2 eggs released and fertilized by 2 different sperm |
| 8-10 inches distance | what distance does an infant see best at? |
| Zygote | single fertilized cell |
| XX | females |
| XY | males |
| teratogens | biological, chemical, or physical agents that can cause a birth defect or other problem |
| fetal alcohol spectrum (syndrome) disorder | physical/cognitive abnormalities in children resulting from pregnant mother's alcohol intake |
| critical periods | there are certain things developing at certain stages when pregnant |
| 1. What is it 2. when is it introduced 3. How much is introduced 4. what is the genetic makeup of mom | What are the 4 factors of teratogens? |
| Sudden infant death syndrome | when a gild between 0-1 dies, no explanation |
| Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development | believed children are not miniature adults, minds develop as they get older and explore their environment |
| Schemas | the way you learn about the world |
| assimilation | process through which we incorporate new experiences in terms of existing schemas |
| accommodation | we adjust/change tools we use to identify things in order to incorporate new info |
| Harry Harlow | revealed the importance of body contact |
| Mary Ainsworth | experiments with 12-18 month old children and looked at secure attachment |
| "strange situation" | securely attached to mom |
| Temperament | how quickly someone warms up to another |
| easy temperament | infants with regular eating/sleeping patterns who adapt easily to change and can tolerate frustration |
| difficult temperament | infants with irregular eating/sleeping patterns who are slow to adapt to change and respond negatively to frustration; can be intense |
| slow to warm temperament | infants with generally regular eating/sleeping patterns who can adapt to change with repeated exposure and hav mildly negative responses to frustration |
| permissive | parents are warm and very involved in lives of their children but have few limits on behavior |
| neglectful/uninvolved | parents make few demands on children and unresponsive to children's needs/behavior |
| authoritative | parents are warm and affectionate but also sensitive and responsive to children's behavior and needs |
| psychosocial crisis | each age period has a task; person faces conflict between psychological needs and social demands that must be resolved to achieve positive personality development |
| basic trust vs. mistrust | happens between birth and 18 months; infants basic needs must be met by responsive caretakers |
| autonomy vs. shame/doubt | children realize they're independent from their parents |
| Adolescence | period of transition from childhood to adulthood; the mental changes a young person goes through |
| puberty | period of physical development from childhood to adulthood |
| early maturing males | Who has the easiest time adjusting to puberty? |
| late maturing males | who has the most difficult time adjusting to puberty? |
| pre conventional morality | Kohlborg's lowest level of moral reasoning; you are praised for what is moral and you are punished for what is wrong |
| conventional morality | Kohlberg's 2nd level of moral development where morality is based on rules within society |
| post conventional morality | Kohlberg's highest level of moral reasoning in which your morals are based on principles of justice, liberty, equality, the Bible |
| Identity vs role confusion | adolescents grapple with conflict of developing personal sense of identity or experience confusion on their beliefs, values, goals, and place in the world |
| James Marcia | says identity has 2 parts: Crisis-Do I wanna do this? and Commitment |
| Emerging adulthood | emotional ties and dependence on parents loosens but emotional and financial support can remain |
| Alzheimer's disease | most common form of dementia characterized by progressive loss of cognitive function |
| Fluid intelligence | ability to solve new problems, concepts, and use new info |
| crystallized intelligence | gaining knowledge over time due to experience and education |
| generativity vs stagnation | to generate/give to the next generation; stuck in a rut and complain |
| integrity vs despair | when senior adults look back on life as good or regretful |
| Ageism | prejudice against people based on age |
| DABDA-Kibler-Ross | Denial: why me? Anger: not me. Bargaining: could be for more time "yes but" Depression: woe is me Acceptance: me |
| Motivation | a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
| Emotion | conscious feeling and leads to behavioral reactions; includes physiological arousal, expressive behavior, and cognitive experiences |
| Drive-reduction theory | Clark Hall's theory that we act when a physiological need creates aroused state that drives us to reduce the need. Based on premise that humans are motivated to maintain state of homeostasis |
| Homeostasis | state of balance or equilibrium |
| Hierarchy of needs | 1. self actualization/full potential 2. esteem 3. belongingness/love 4. safety needs 5. physiological needs |
| extrinsic motivation | when people are motivated by external influence like rewards or punishments |
| intrinsic motivation | internal satisfaction; engaging in something for enjoyment or sense of achievement |
| Self determination theory | theory that all humans have 3 universal needs: autonomy, relatedness, and competence that's satisfied in order to facilitate natural tendency towards human growth |
| Role of amygdala in emotions | structure in brain essential for unconscious emotional responses |
| anger, fear, disgust, happiness, surprise, sadness | What are the 6 basic emotions? |
| Plutchik's wheel of emotions | there are combinations of emotions that create other emotions; fear+surprise=awe |
| Cultural displays rules | physical gestures vary across cultures; each society has their own rule on how to show emotions: ex) Japanese |
| cognitive meditational theory | proposed by Lazarus that cognitive interpretation of an event or stimulus mediates, or comes before physiological arousal |
| Facial feedback theory | theory that facial expressions can influence emotional experiences |
| sex | biological classification as male or female based on sex chromosomes |
| gender | set of behaviors and characteristics that define degree to which someone is masculine/feminine; social and psychological phenomenon |
| Primary sex characteristics | sex specific reproductive organs |
| gender identity | our self-identification as male/female, blend of both, or neither |
| intersex | someone who's born with ambiguous genitalia; could be xxy or xxxy |
| instrumental traits | traditionally masculine traits and behaviors |
| expressive traits | traditionally feminine traits and behaviors |
| Gender dysphoria | persistent feeling of identification with opposite gender and discomfort with sex assigned at birth; it can change |
| transgender | a person whose gender identity is different from what's assigned at birth; no criteria outside of feeling like opposite sex |
| the cause of sexual orientation is unknown | What is the reason for sexual orientation? |
| STI fact | CDC reports 1/2 of all newly-diagnosed STI's occur between ages of 15-24 |
| Phases of arousal | 1. excitement phase-arousal 2. Plateau-sexual excitement before orgasm 3. orgasm-climax occurs 4. resolution-everything returns to normal |
| refractory period | time when guys are not physically responsive |
Created by:
auweb921
Popular Psychology sets