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Matter Vocabulary
Vocabulary Parts 1 & 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mass | a measure of the amount of matter in an object |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| weight | a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object; its value can change with the location of the object in the universe |
| volume | the amount of space that an object takes up or occupies |
| density | the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance |
| physical property | a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a physical change; such as density, color, or hardness |
| chemical property | a property of matter that describes a substance's ability to participate in chemical reactions |
| physical change | a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties |
| chemical change | a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | the law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary physical or chemical changes |
| boiling point | the temperature in which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas |
| melting point | the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid |
| freezing point | the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid |
| sublimation | the change of state that occurs when a solid changes directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state |
| deposition | the change of state that occurs when a gas changes directly to a solid without passing through the liquid state |
| condensation | the change of state that occurs when a gas changes to a liquid |
| evaproation | the change of state that occurs when a liquid changes to a gas |
| temperature | a measure of how hot or cold something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| solid | the state of matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape |
| liquid | the state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape |
| gas | the state of matter that has no definite volume and no definite shape |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element |
| element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number |
| compound | a substance made up of atoms or ions of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
| mixture | a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
| pure substance | a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties which are consistent throughout the sample |
| heterogeneous mixture | a mixture that does not have a uniform structure or composition throughout |
| homogeneous mixture | a mixture that has a uniform structure or composition throughout |
| acid | a compound that breaks apart in water to form hydrogen ions; indicated by a value less than 7 on the pH scale |
| base | a compound that breaks apart in water to form hydroxide ions; indicated by a value greater than 7 on the pH scale |
| pH scale | measures the strength of an acid or a base in a solution; any pH number greater than 7 is considered basic, any pH number less than 7 in considered acidic, a pH number of 7 is considered neutral |
| nucleus | an atom's central region, which is made up f protons and neutrons |
| electron | a subatomic particle that has a negative charge |
| proton | a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom |
| neutron | a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom |
| electron cloud | a region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the identity of an element; the atomic number is the same for atoms of an element |
| mass number | the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| periodic table | an arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers such that elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group |
| chemical symbol | a one- or two-letter abbreviation of the name of an element |
| atomic mass | the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element; also known as average atomic mass |
| metal | an element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well |
| nonmetal | an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly |
| metalloid | an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals |
| group | a vertical column of elements in the periodic table; elements in a group share similar chemical properties |
| period | a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
Created by:
MrsTabor
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