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Unit 3

Reproduction and Heredity

TermDefinition
Meiosis process of making sex cells (gametes sperm+egg), produces 4 haploid daughter cells that are genetically unique
Mitosis process of making body cells for growth, development, and repair. Produces two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical
Reproduction Passing on of genetic information (DNA) to a new generation
Asexual Reproduction Creating offspring from one parent (CLONE)
Sexual Reproduction DNA from 2 unique individuals combine to form a new unique individual
Haploid In sex cells, half of the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells (23).
Diploid In all other body cells besides gametes, contain a full set of chromosomes (46) one set from each parent.
Gametes Sex cells (sperm and egg)
Allele Different versions of the same gene. You inherit one from each parent, for each trait (dimples, freckles, eye color)
Dominant The stronger allele. Dominant traits will be expressed or seen even if there is only one dominant allele present.
Recessive The "hidden" allele. You must inherit two recessive alleles (one from each parent) in order for the trait to be expressed.
Genotype The alleles in the genetic code. Written as upper and lower case letters (RR, Rr, rr).
Phenotype The physical trait. What can be “seen” (blue eyes, having dimples, no freckles present).
Homozygous Genotype with two of the same alleles. Also known as PUREBRED (HH homozygous dominant or hh homozygous recessive)
Heterozygous Genotype with one dominant and one recessive allele. Hh The dominant allele will expressed. Also known as a "hybrid".
selective breeding the practice of mating individuals with desired traits as a means of increasing the frequency of those traits in a population
genetic modification (engineering) Taking a desired gene from one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism
mutation a change in the DNA sequence (mistake in the genetic code)
mutagen an environmental factor that can cause a mutation
Created by: Mrs. Dormitzer
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