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Cardiovascular 2
| Pharmacologic Category | Generic Name | Brand Name | Common Indications | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) | spironolactone (PO) | Aldactone | HTN, HF, ascites | Key Side Effects: gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, hypotension |
| Loop diuretic | furosemide (PO, IV) | Lasix | Volume overload | Key Side Effects: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypotension US Boxed Warnings: fluid and electrolyte loss |
| Loop diuretic | torsemide (PO) | Soaanz | Volume overload | Key Side Effects: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypotension |
| Beta 1-selective beta- blocker | atenolol (PO) | Tenormin | AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension US Boxed Warnings: avoid abrupt discontinuation Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| Beta 1-selective beta- blocker | metoprolol tartrate (PO, IV) | Lopressor | AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension US Boxed Warnings: avoid abrupt discontinuation Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| Beta 1-selective beta- blocker | metoprolol succinate (PO) | Toprol-XL | HF, AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| Beta 1-selective beta- blocker | nebivolol (PO) | Bystolic | HTN | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| Beta 1-selective beta- blocker | esmolol (IV) | Brevibloc | HTN, AF (rate control), hypertensive emergency | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia; CI with pulmonary hypertension |
| Non-selective beta- blocker and alpha 1 blocker | carvedilol (PO) | Coreg, Coreg CR | HF, AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| Non-selective beta- blocker and alpha 1 blocker | labetalol (PO, IV) | Trandate | PO: HTN, IV: hypertensive crisis | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| Non-selective beta- blocker | propranolol (PO) | Inderal LA, Inderal XL | HTN, CAD, migraine prophylaxis | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| Alpha 2 agonist | clonidine (PO, transdermal) | PO: Catapres, Transdermal: Catapres-TTS | HTN, ADHD | Key Side Effects: xerostomia, drowsiness, contact dermatitis (transdermal), hypotension US Boxed Warnings: avoid epidural use Other Notes: do not discontinue abruptly; taper to reduce rebound HTN |
| Direct arterial vasodilator | hydralazine (PO, IV) | --- | HTN | Key Side Effects: hypotension, drug-induced lupus-like syndrome Other Notes: CI in CAD |
| Beta 1, beta 2, and alpha 1 agonist | epinephrine (IV, IM, SQ) | Adrenalin, EpiPen | Advanced cardiac life support, shock, anaphylaxis, bradycardia | Key Side Effects: tachyarrhythmias, peripheral ischemia, hyperglycemia |
| Alpha 1 agonist (predominantly), beta 1 and beta 2 agonist | norepinephrine (IV) | Levophed | Shock | Key Side Effects: tachyarrhythmias, peripheral ischemia US Boxed Warning: extravasation (central line administration preferred) |