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Cells (Part 2)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Active Transport | USES energy to move substances across a membrane from lower to higher concentration (against the flow) |
| Passive Transport | Does Not use energy to move substances across a membrane from higher to lower concentration (with the flow) |
| Diffusion | The movement of particles from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane |
| Endocytosis | The is active transport process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell |
| Exocytosis | The active transport process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane |
| Concentration Gradient | A difference in how crowded molecules are between two places (high vs. low concentration) |
| Photosynthesis | Process in chloroplasts that uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen |
| Cellular Respiration | Process in mitochondria that breaks down glucose with oxygen to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. |
| ATP | An organic molecule that serves as the main energy source for nearly all living cells |
| Mitochondria | Organelle that is the site of cellular respiration, where ATP is produced |
| Chloroplast | Plant organelle that is the site of photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll |
| Chlorophyll | A green pigment in chloroplasts that collect light energy (sunlight) |
| Cell Cycle | The steps a cell goes through to grow, copy its DNA, and divide. The cell production process |
| DNA | Molecule that stores genetic information |
| Homeostasis | Regulation of stable internal conditions in a changing environment |
| Phospholipid | A molecule with a hydrophilic (water-loving) “head” and hydrophobic (water-fearing) “tails,” forms the cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer) |
| Fermentation | A way cells make some energy from food without oxygen (produces less ATP than respiration) |
| Cell Cycle | The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
| 3 Parts of the Cell Cycle | interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis |
| Mitosis | Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell's nucleus divides |
| Interphase | Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and duplicates all of the cell's DNA |
| Prophase | (Mitosis Phase #1) DNA coils up into chromosomes, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms |
| Metaphase | (Mitosis Phase #2) Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
| Anaphase | (Mitosis Phase #3) Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell |
| Telophase | (Mitosis Phase 4) Two new nuclei form on either side of the cell and the cell begins to split |
| Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
anschoessler
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