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Exam 2 Pharm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| • Oxytocin (Pitocin): | : Stimulates uterine contractions. Used for induction and postpartum hemorrhage. Monitor FHR and contractions closely. |
| • Dinoprostone (PGE | : Cervical ripening agent. Used intravaginally to prepare the cervix for induction |
| • Misoprostol (PGE■) | Off-label cervical ripening. Contraindicated after prior C-section. Monitor for uterine tachysystole. |
| • Terbutaline: | : Beta■-agonist. Relaxes uterine smooth muscle. AE: tachycardia, tremor |
| • Nifedipine | Calcium channel blocker. AE: hypotension, flushing. |
| Indomethacin | NSAID that inhibits prostaglandins. Risk: ductus arteriosus closure after 32 wks. |
| • Magnesium sulfate: | : Smooth muscle relaxant; prevents seizures and delays preterm labor. Toxicity: loss of reflexes, respiratory depression. Antidote: Calcium gluconate. |
| • Clomiphene citrate | Stimulates ovulation via FSH/LH increase. AE: hot flashes, ovarian enlargement. |
| Letrozole | Aromatase inhibitor. Increases FSH for ovulation. AE: dizziness, fatigue |
| • hMG/hCG | : Stimulate ovulation. Monitor for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). |
| • Phentermine | Appetite suppressant. AE: hypertension, insomnia |
| • Orlistat | Lipase inhibitor that blocks fat absorption. AE: steatorrhea. Take with low-fat diet and multivitamins. |
| • Liraglutide/Semaglutide | GLP-1 agonists. Delay gastric emptying. AE: nausea. Contraindicated with thyroid tumors. |
| Bupropion/Naltrexone | Decreases appetite and cravings. Avoid in seizure disorders |
| I – Na+ Blockers-Procainamide, Lidocaine, Flecainide | Slow conduction; used for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias Proarrhythmia, QT prolongation, CNS eff |
| II – Beta Blockers- Metoprolol, Esmolol | Decrease SA/AV node conduction; rate control for AFib/SVT Bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm |
| III – K+ Blockers Amiodarone, Sotalol | Prolong repolarization; rhythm control Pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid/liver toxicity, QT prolon |
| IV – Ca2+ Blockers-Diltiazem, Verapamil | Decrease AV conduction; rate controlBradycardia, hypotension, constipation |
| Other-Adenosine, Digoxin | Adenosine for PSVT; Digoxin for HF/AFib Asystole (adenosine), digoxin toxicity (visual halos |
| Dobutamine | : Beta■-agonist; increases cardiac output in heart failure. AE: tachyarrhythmias |
| • Dopamine | : Dose-dependent effects (low = renal perfusion; high = vasoconstriction). AE: tachycardia |
| Milrinone | : PDE3 inhibitor; increases contractility and vasodilation. AE: hypotension |
| • Digoxin | : Increases contractility and vagal tone; narrow therapeutic index. Toxicity: N/V, halos, arrhythmia. Antidote: Digoxin immune Fab |
| Nitroglycerin | Venodilation → decreased preload. AE: headache, hypotension. CI: PDE-5 inhibitors (V |
| • Hydralazine | Direct arterial dilator. AE: reflex tachycardia, lupus-like syndrome. |
| Nitroprusside | Arterial & venous dilation. AE: cyanide toxicity (limit use). Protect from light |
| • Norepinephrine | Alpha■ > Beta■ agonist; used for septic shock. Monitor BP, perfusion |
| • Epinephrine | Used in cardiac arrest & anaphylaxis. |
| Phenylephrine | Alpha■ agonist; vasoconstriction. AE: reflex bradycardia. |
| Amiodarone requires | lung, liver, and thyroid monitoring. |
| • Nitrates + PDE-5 inhibitors | = contraindicated. |
| Stop oxytocin for tachysystole or late decelerations | position laterally and give O |
| Magnesium sulfate toxicity | = calcium gluconate antidote. |
| Digoxin toxicity worsens with hypokalemia | monitor K■ and renal function |