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HUMCOMS MIDTERM
Made by the study guide of chapters 1-6 in textbook
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the linear Model of Communication, what is the role of the person who encodes and sends the message? | The sender |
| What is the general term for anything that interferes with the sending or receiving of a message, whether it's external or internal | Noise |
| A major criticism of the linear model is that it suggests communication only moves in ____ | One direction |
| Which model of communication views participants as simultaneously senders and receivers? | The Transactional Model |
| What do you call the method or medium a sender uses to transmit a message? | A channel |
| If a person is distracted by their own stress or psychological state, what specific type of "noise" are they experiencing? | Internal |
| The Transactional Model is considered more dynamic than the Linear Model because it accounts for participants' _____ and filters | Experiences |
| What is the term for an agreed-upon, rule-governed system of symbols, including both spoken and written forms, used to share meaning? | Verbal Communication / Language |
| The textbook identifies three distinct qualities of symbols (words) : they are arbitrary, ambiguous, and ___. | Abstract |
| What set of rules governs how speech sounds are produced and combined, essentially dealing with pronunciation? | Phonology |
| The study of language structure and the rules for arranging symbols (grammar) is known as ____. | Syntactics |
| Which rule of verbal communication governs the meaning of words? | Semantic |
| The study of how people use language differently depending on the social context (e.g speaking formally to a boss but informally to a friend) is called ____. | Pragmatics |
| What is the term for a word's standardized, dictionary definition? | Denotative Meaning |
| What is the term for the meaning we assign to a word based on our own personal experiences and feelings? | Connotative Meaning |
| What is the name of the hypothesis that proposes a relationship between language and thought, suggesting that the language we speak influences how we perceive the world? | Sapir-Whorf hypothesis |
| Communication that takes place in real time like, face to face conversation or a phone call, is called ___. | Synchronous |
| Communication that involves a time delay and does not expect an immediate response, such as a letter or an email, is called ___. | Asynchronous |
| One of the major differences between spoken and written communication is that written messages are often permanent or ___, while spoken messages are not. | Archived/Recorded |
| Electronic messages, such as emails, often create a false sense of privacy but are actually ___ and can be retrieved, as demonstrated in several high profile legal cases. | Archived/Recorded OR Public |
| Modern technologies like text messaging often blur the traditional lines of communication by allowing for informal, ___ written exchanges that function like spoken conversation. | Synchronous |
| Unlike verbal communication, nonverbal communication is often spontaneous and ___, meaning others can derive meaning from it even if we don't intent to send a message. | Unintentional |
| Verbal communication uses a single channel (words), while nonverbal communication is described as ____ because it uses many channels at once, like gestures, tone, and facial expressions. | Multiple Channels |
| What is the term for the study of how we use body movement, facial expressions, and eye contact to communicate? | Kinesics |
| According to Edward Hall, the category of space ranging from touch to about eighteen inches, reserved for our closest relationships is called ___ space. | Intimate |
| What is the term for vocal qualities like pitch, volume, and inflection that accompany verbal messages (it is vocal but not verbal?) | Paralanguage |
| The study of how people use time, including cultural values about punctuality, is known as ___. | Chronemics |
| When a business designs its physical space (like furniture and its colors) to influence customer behavior, what type of nonverbal communication is it using? | Environment |
| The deliberate refusal to use words, which can be a powerful nonverbal message, is known as ___. | Silence |
| If you use nonverbal cues like packing up your bag or checking your phone to signal that a conversation needs to end, you are using nonverbals to ___ the interaction. | Regulate |
| Giving a thumbs up gesture instead of saying "I agree" is an example of using nonverbal communication to ___ a verbal message. | Replace |
| What was the primary social problem in ancient Greece that created the need for teachers of persuasive speaking, known as Sophists? | Getting back family land from being seized |
| When the first academic departments of Communication were formed in the U.S in the early 20th century, from which existing department did they typically separate? | English |
| What is the name of the largest professional organization in the U.S for communication studies originally founded in 1914? | National Communication Foundation |
| Aristotle identified three artistic proofs necessary for persuasion. What are these three proofs? | Logos, Ethos, Pathos |
| Which of Aristotle's three proofs refers to the speaker's credibility or moral character. | Ethos |
| The Medieval Period is often considered a "dark age" for communication study primarily because the church suppressed secular rhetorical works viewing them as __. | Paganistic and Corrupt |
| What major scholarly movement rose in the 1970s that challenged existing theoretical assumptions and research practices in the communication field? | Feminist |
| Which of Aristotle's three proofs refers to a speaker's position supported by logical reason? | Logos |
| Which of Aristotle's three proofs refers to a speaker touching particular emotions of the audience? | Pathos |
| If a person is distracted by a jackhammer or a car horn outside, what specific type of "noise" are they experiencing? | External |
| Which paradigm seeks to identify universal, cause-and-effect relationships in communication with the goal of predicting outcomes? | Empirical Laws |
| Which paradigm views communication as guided by shared, socially constructed, and flexible rules that are dynamic and context dependent? | Human Rules |
| The phrase "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is the central idea for which theoretical paradigm | Systems Theory |
| In the Systems Theory paradigm what does "the whole is greater than some of its parts" mean? | Anything we do as individuals impacts others around us |
| Which paradigm is unique in its goal to combine theory and action (praxis) to challenge oppression and foster positive social change? | Critical Theory |
| Which paradigm's primary focus of inquiry is the message itself, particularly the construction and evaluation of persuasive messages? | Rhetorical Theories |
| Appeals to credibility, logic, and emotion (ethos, pathos, logos) are fundamental components for what purpose within the Rhetorical Theories Paradigm? | Persuasion |
| A major weakness of the ____ ____ paradigm is that it can oversimplify complex human behavior and does not always account for the variety of human choices | Empirical Laws |
| A key strength of the ___ ___ paradigm is its ability to understand a more complete picture by examining the interconnectedness of all parts of a communication dynamic | Systems Theory |
| A potential weakness of the ___ ___ paradigm is its dependence on subjective social values, which can lead to conflicts over those are better | Critical Theories |
| What qualitative research method involves the researcher placing themselves in the midst of a community to understand communication as perceived by the participants in their natural environment? | Ethnography |
| The textbook identifies three primary motivations for communication research: to increase understanding, to create positive social change, and to ___ and ___ behavior. | Predict and Control |
| What is the primary value of qualitative methods, which allows them to resonate with readers by capturing the essence of social settings? | The essence of lived experience |
| Which broad research methodology is defined by its use of numerical data and statistical analysis? | Quantitative |
| Which rhetorical method analyzes messages by focusing on their component parts—such as plot and characters—to understand how people learn through sharing stories? | Narrative Criticism |
| Which broad methodological paradigm is primarily concerned with systematically investigating and explaining symbolic acts, such as political speeches, art, and popular culture? | Rhetorical Criticism |
| A research method that collects data from a large sample, often represented in numerical form, is known as ___ ___. | Survey Research / Quantitative Method |
| According to the textbook, the primary value of quantitative research is its ability to demonstrate communication ____ that help with prediction. | Phenomena |
| When researchers develop a testable statement (a hypothesis) about how they believe subjects will communicate based on certain variables, they are following which broad research approach? | Experimental Research / Quantitative |
| Which rhetorical method is specifically designed to uncover the underlying assumptions, biases, and values in language that maintain dominant systems of power? | Ideological Criticism |
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ckauff
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