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DC Psych Ch8
Thinking, language, and intelligence
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Intelligence | Ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations |
| Fluid intelligence (Gf) | Ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age |
| Crystallized intelligence (Gc) | Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age |
| Savants | Show intelligence can involve diverse, distinct abilities |
| Emotional intelligence | Ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions |
| Heritability of intelligence | Proportion of variation in intelligence among people in a group that can be attributed to genes. |
| Aptitude tests | Predict future performance or ability to learn new skills |
| Achievement tests | Measure current competence or knowledge. |
| Reliability | Consistency of test scores across forms or occasions |
| Predictive validity | How well test scores predict future performance. |
| Standardization | Using uniform procedures and scoring to compare results (with a pretested group's performance) |
| Normal curve | Bell-shaped distribution of scores in the population. |
| Stages of languages (order) | Babbling → One-word → Two-word → Telegraphic speech (compressed sentences) |
| Grammar | System of rules enabling meaningful communication/understanding. |
| Language | Spoken, written, or signed words and how they are combined |
| Metacognition | Thinking about thinking |
| Cognition | All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
| Confirmation bias | Seeking info that supports preconceptions. |
| Availability heuristic | Estimating likelihood based on easily recalled examples (recentness, vividness, distinctiveness, etc.) |
| Overconfidence | Overestimating the accuracy of one’s beliefs or judgments |
| Fixation | Inability to see a problem from a new perspective |
| Belief perseverance | Clinging to beliefs despite contrary evidence |
| Framing | How a problem or question is presented can influence decisions |
| Divergent thinking | Generating multiple solutions to a problem, creatively thinking in a branching way; opposite of fixation |
| Convergent thinking | Narrowing available solutions to determine single best solution to a problem |
Created by:
mimi.k
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