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DC Psych Ch6
Learning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Unconditioned stimulus (US) | Naturally triggers a response |
| Unconditioned response (UR) | Natural, unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus |
| Neutral stimulus (NS) | Initially triggers no response |
| Conditioned stimulus (CS) | Neutral stimulus that now triggers a learned response |
| Conditioned response (CR) | Learned response to a conditioned stimulus |
| Acquisition | The initial learning stage in classical conditioning. The stage where we link a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the NS begins triggering the conditioned response. |
| Extinction | The weakening of a conditioned response in classical conditioning. Occurs when the unconditioned stimulus doesn't follow the conditioned stimulus. |
| Generalization | The tendency in classical conditioning to respond similarly (CR) to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus. |
| Discrimination | The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that don't signal an unconditioned stimulus. |
| Classical conditioning | The type of learning where we link two or more stimuli and anticipate events |
| Operant conditioning | The type of learning where a behavior becomes more probable when followed by a reinforcer or less probable if followed by a punisher. |
| Positive reinforcer | Adds something to strengthen behavior (dog gets treat for doing a trick) |
| Negative reinforcer | Removes something to strengthen behavior (Car stops beeping when seatbelt is on) |
| Positive punishment | Adds something to decrease behavior (Spray water on a barking dog) |
| Negative punishment | Removes something to decrease behavior (Take away a misbehaving teen's driving privileges) |
| Shaping | An operant conditioning procedure where reinforcers guide behavior closer toward a desired behavior. Usually involves rewards. |
| Reinforcement schedule | A pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced |
| Fixed-ratio | Reward after a set (fixed) number of responses (Buy 10 get 1 free) |
| Variable-ratio | Reward after unpredictable number of responses (Slot machines, fishing) |
| Fixed-interval | Reward after a fixed amount of time (Paid once every two weeks) |
| Variable-interval | Reward after unpredictable time periods (Waiting for a response on social media) |
| Observational learning | Learning by observing others (aka "social learning") |
| Modeling | Observing and imitating a specific behavior |
| Vicarious reinforcement | Learning from others' rewards or punishments |
| Prosocial behavior | Positive, constructive, helpful behavior |
| Antisocial behavior | Negative, destructive, harmful behavior |
Created by:
mimi.k
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