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ntroduction to Chron
part 1 module introduction to Chronic
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chronic Illness | A long-term health condition that persists over time, such as heart disease or diabetes. |
| Acute Illness: | A health condition with a sudden onset and typically short duration. |
| Epidemiology: | The study of how diseases spread and impact populations. |
| Morbidity: | The rate of disease within a specific population. |
| Incidence: | The number of new cases of a disease in a population during a specific time. |
| Prevalence: | The total number of existing cases of a disease in a population at a given time. |
| Mortality: | The death rate from a specific disease or within a population. |
| Cancer: | A group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. |
| Diabetes: | A chronic condition that affects how the body turns food into energy, leading to high blood sugar. |
| Cardiovascular Diseases: | Conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, such as heart disease and stroke. |
| Chronic Respiratory Diseases: | Long-term diseases of the airways and other structures of the lungs, like asthma and COPD. |
| Indigenous Peoples: | The original inhabitants of a land, who in Canada face significant health disparities. |
| Colonization: | The process of establishing control over Indigenous peoples and their lands, with lasting negative impacts. |
| Intergenerational Trauma: | Trauma that is passed down from one generation to the next. |
| Cultural Genocide: | The deliberate destruction of the cultural heritage of a people. |
| Residential Schools: | Government-sponsored schools aimed at assimilating Indigenous children, a source of trauma. |
| Structural Racism: | Societal patterns and policies that create unequal outcomes based on race. |
| Social Determinants of Health: | The social and economic conditions that influence health, such as income and education. |
| Health: | A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. |
| Disease: | A medical condition diagnosed from a pathophysiological perspective. |
| Illness: | The personal, lived experience of having a disease, including symptoms and suffering. |
| Signs: | Objective, observable evidence of a disease. |
| Symptoms: | Subjective feelings reported by the patient, such as pain. |
| Comorbidity: | The presence of two or more unrelated disorders in the same person at the same time. |
| Multimorbidity: | The presence of two or more chronic medical conditions in the same person. |
| Determinants of Health: | The broad range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health. |
| Lifestyle Factors: | Personal behaviors that affect health, such as diet and exercise. |
| Social Environment: | The social context, including relationships and community, that influences health behaviors. |
| Income: | The amount of money a person or household earns, which impacts access to resources for health. |
| Education: | A person's level of schooling, which is linked to better health outcomes. |
| Poverty: | The state of having little or no money and few resources, a major risk factor for poor health. |
| Socioeconomic Disadvantage: | Having a lower social and economic position, which increases health risks. |
| Risk Factors: | Attributes or exposures that increase the likelihood of developing a disease. |
| Background Risk Factors: | Non-modifiable factors like age, sex, and genetics. |
| Behavioural Risk Factors: | Modifiable habits like smoking or poor diet. |
| Intermediate Risk Factors: | Conditions like high blood pressure that result from other risks and lead to disease. |
| Community-Level Factors: | Social and economic conditions in a community that affect health, like poverty and pollution. |
| Modifiable Risk Factors: | Risk factors that can be changed or controlled. |
| Nonmodifiable Risk Factors: | Risk factors that cannot be changed, like age or family history. |
| Hypertension: | The medical term for high blood pressure. |
| Hyperlipidemia: | High levels of lipids (fats) in the blood, such as cholesterol. |
| Overweight: | Having more body weight than is considered normal or healthy for a certain height. |
| Obesity: | A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. |
| Prediabetes: | A condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not yet high enough for a diabetes diagnosis. |
| Prevention: | Actions aimed at eradicating, delaying, or minimizing the impact of disease. |
| Genetics: | The study of genes and their role in inheritance and disease. |
| Aging: | The process of growing older, which increases the risk of chronic illness. |
| Disability: | A complex interaction between a person's health condition and their environment, leading to limitations. |
| Medical Model of Disability: | Views disability as a problem caused by a disease or trauma, requiring medical treatment. |
| Social Model of Disability: | Views disability as a problem created by societal barriers and attitudes. |
| Biopsychosocial Model of Disability: | An integrated model that combines medical and social perspectives. |
| Psychosocial Dimensions: | The emotional, social, and mental aspects of living with a chronic illness. |
| Illness Behaviour: | The ways in which individuals perceive, evaluate, and act upon their symptoms. |
| Sick Role: | The socially recognized set of rights and obligations linked to being ill. |
| Self-Efficacy: | A person's belief in their own ability to succeed in specific situations. |
| Mastery: | The feeling of being in control of one's life and circumstances. |
| Vicarious Experience: | Learning by observing others perform a behavior. |
| Verbal Persuasion: | Being encouraged by others to believe in one's own capabilities. |
| Physiological States: | Bodily states, such as stress or fatigue, that can influence self-efficacy. |
| Affective States: | Emotional states or moods that can influence self-efficacy. |
| Health-Related Hardiness (HRH): | A personality characteristic that helps people cope with chronic illness. |
| Mood Disorders: | A category of mental health problems, including depression and anxiety. |
| Fatigue: | Extreme tiredness resulting from mental or physical exertion or illness. |
| Stigma: | A mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person. |
| Quality of Life: | The general well-being of an individual or society |
| Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL): | An assessment of how a person's health affects their quality of life. |
| Caregiving: | The act of providing assistance to someone who is ill or disabled. |
| Informal Caregiver: | A person who provides care without pay, often a family member. |
| Caregiver Burden: | The physical, emotional, and financial strain experienced by caregivers. |
| Conceptual Models: | Theoretical frameworks used to understand an experience, like chronic illness. |
| Illness Trajectory: | The experiential pathway a person follows as they live with an illness. |
| Crisis Phase: | The initial stage of an illness trajectory, often involving diagnosis and acute treatment. |
| Chronic Phase: | The long-term stage of living with and managing an illness. |
| Terminal Phase: | The final stage of an illness trajectory as a person nears the end of life. |
| Shifting Perspectives Model: | A model that views living with chronic illness as an ongoing process where focus shifts between illness and wellness. |
| Self-Management: | The daily tasks individuals undertake to control their chronic illness and its impact. |
| Adherence: | The extent to which a patient's behavior matches agreed recommendations from a healthcare provider. |
| Self-Care: | The practice of individuals taking responsibility for their own health and well-being. |
| Chronic Care Model: | A model for improving care for chronic illness by focusing on six system elements. |
| Self-Management Support: | Helping patients and families to acquire the skills and confidence to manage their health. |
| Clinical Information Systems: | Organized systems to manage patient data and support care. |
| Delivery System Redesign: | Changing how care is delivered to better meet patient needs. |
| Decision Support: | Providing clinicians with information and tools to guide evidence-based care. |
| Health Care Organization: | The structure and culture of a healthcare system that supports high-quality care. |
| Community Resources: | Assets and services in the community that can support patient health. |
| Advocacy: | The act of supporting or recommending a cause or course of action on behalf of others. |
| Code of Conduct: | A set of rules outlining the social norms, responsibilities, and proper practices for a group. |
| Culturally Safe: | An environment that is spiritually, socially, and emotionally safe for people, respecting their identity. |
| Inclusive Practice: | Providing care that respects the diversity of patients and ensures equal access. |
| Discrimination: | The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people. |
| Health Inequities: | Unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries. |
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