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Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics

TermDefinition
Continental Drift Theory The hypothesis states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations.
Alfred Wegener Proposed Continental Drift theory
Plate Tectonic Theory Theory that states the Earth’s crust is broken into plates that drift along the asthenosphere
Harry Hess Proposed Seafloor spreading
Evidence of Continental Drift Theory i.e. fossils, matching rock layers, climate evidence, continents fit like puzzle pieces
Which crust in thinner and denser Oceanic crust
Which crust in thicker and less dense Continental crust
Fossil Record Many plant and animal fossils have been found on several continents separated by large distances.
What is formed at Continental to Continental divergent boundaries Rift Valleys
Pangaea term for the supercontinent, which contained all the plates together
What is formed at Oceanic to Oceanic divergent boundaries Mid-Ocean Ridges (Seafloor spreading) New crust is formed
Law of Superposition the ordering of sedimentary layers of rock with the oldest on the bottom and the youngest on top
What is a destructive boundary? A boundary where crust is destroyed or recycled (Convergent boundaries where subduction occurs)
Fault Fracture in the Earth’s crust where tectonic plates move relative to each other. Often formed at transform boundaries
What is a constructive boundary? A boundary where crust is created. Mid-ocean ridges or Ocean to Ocean divergent boundaries
Magma Hot fluid material below or within the Earth’s crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed
What is formed at Ocean to Ocean Convergent? Subduction, Volcanic island arcs, trenches
Geological event Any natural occurrence that alters the Earth’s surface or subsurface
What is formed at Ocean to Continental Convergent? Subduction, trenches, Volcanoes
Seafloor spreading The process by which new oceanic crust forms as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies. Occurs at divergent boundaries
What is formed at Continental to Continental Convergent? Mountains
Convection current The continuous heating and cooling of magma within the mantle acts as a conveyor and moves Earth's plates.
What is formed at transform boundaries Fault Lines and Earthquakes
Subduction Geologic process where the denser plate slides beneath another into the Earth’s mantle due to density differences. Occurs at convergent boundaries where at least one plate is oceantic
Mid-ocean ridge An underwater mountain range made at divergent plate boundaries.
Hot spot Caused by rising plumes of mantle material in a weak spot on a Continental plate. Volcanoes can form over them (Hawaiian Island chain)
Geological process that creates mountains through tectonic forces like convergent boundaries and volcanic activity Mountain building
The deepest part of the ocean floor comprises rolling hills and flat plains. Ocean basin
Volcano Formed at a convergent boundary where subduction occurs with oceanic crust
Convergent boundary A tectonic plate boundary is where two plates collide, come together, or crash into each other. Are destructive boundaries
Divergent boundary The boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. Are constructive boundaries
Transform boundary A plate boundary is where two plates move past each other in opposite directions.
Earthquake A sudden shaking of Earth’s surfaces caused by a rapid release of energy in the lithosphere (rocky layer of the crust) Can happen at all boundary types
Which type of crust will subduct? Oceanic crust
Created by: user-1938343
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