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Biology exam 2 pt3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| dispersal | a species population/ sample moving away from their original location to move to another (where they evolve and adapt) |
| vicariance | the process where a single population is split into two or more isolated subpopulations by a new physical geographic barrier (ex: the Grand Canyon) |
| embryology | the study of the early stages of life from the moment of fertilization to birth/ hatchery |
| anatomy | examining the arrangement & relationships of their various parts, finding similarities in animals to identify hints/ evidence of evolution |
| homologous structures | anatomical features in different species that share common ancestry (points of a common ancestor (different from convergent evolution) |
| homeobox (hox) genes | regulates the development of body plans & organ formation of multicellular organisms, including humans (imagine a light switch turning on/off a gene) |
| biogeography | the large-scale study f distributions of plants, animal, and other ecosystems |
| fossils (fossil records) | a refined remnant/ impression of an organism from a past geological age [can see patterns in evolution over time, requires very specific conditions, most fossil records were destroyed] |
| allopatric speciaton | populations physically isolated can evolve into different species |
| sympatric speciation | occurs within the same environment, biological differences (reproduction isolation) |
| polyploidy | occurs in which an organism has more than two complete sets f=if chromosomes |
| Describe how the different types of evidence mentioned during lecture provide support for evolution | fossils show how animals may have evolved, a sort of map, homologous structures demonstrate how animals are similar to each other, genetically as it links |
| Explain the concept of macroevolution. | evolutionary processes and patterns which occur at and above the species level |
| What must happen for speciation to occur | population and reproduction isolation so unique characteristics development |
| Compare and contrast allopatric and sympatric speciation. | Allopatric speciation occurs due to geographic isolation, while sympatric speciation happens within the same geographic area, often through behavioral or ecological factors |
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