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Ch 3
Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Therapeutic effects | clinically desirable actions |
| adverse effects | undesirable reactions |
| toxic reaction | the desired effect is excessive |
| side effect | dose-related reaction that is not part of the desired therapeutic outcome |
| contraindicatation | an aspect of a patient's condition that makes the use of a certain drug or therapy an unwise or dangerous decision |
| idiosyncratic reaction | genetically related abnormal drug response |
| drug allergy | immunologic response to a drug resulting in a reaction such as a rash or anaphylaxis |
| interference with natural defense mechanisms | when a drug reduces the body's ability to fight infections |
| teratogenic effect | abnormally in fetal development caused by exposure to certain substances, such as drugs, chemicals, or infections during pregnancy |
| type I hypersensitivity | immediate hypersensitivity reactions. IgE antibodies" produces vasodilation, edema and the inflammatory response. bronchioles, resulting in anaphylactic shock. Respiratory, results in rhinitis and asthma. Skin results in urticaira |
| type II hypersensitivity | IgG or IgM antibodies. Antibody complex is fixed to a circulating blood cell causing lysis. Results in anemia |
| type III hypersensitivity | aggregations of antigens and antibodies, where antibodies out number antigens forming clumps: manifested as serum sickness, urticarial, arthritis, lymphadenopathy and fever |
| type IV hypersensitivity | delayed hypersensitivity. Sensitized T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Manifests as allergic contact dermatitis, poison oak, poison ivy, reaction to jewelry, topical benzocaine, etc. |
| dyspepsia | general discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen: symptoms bloating, nausea, and indigestion |
| stomatitis | a broad term that refers to any inflammation of the mouth and lips, including the cheeks, gums, tongue, lips, and roof or floor of the mouth |
| oral mucositis | a specific type of stomatitis involving painful inflammation and ulcerations of the mucous membranes in the mouth, most commonly as a side effect of cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy |
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome | is a rare but serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes, typically triggered by a severe reaction to medications or, less commonly, infections |
| erythema multiforme | is an acute, immune-mediated skin condition characterized by the sudden appearance of distinctive target-like (bullseye) lesions, often triggered by infections or medications |
| necrosis | premature death of cells or tissues in the body due to factors like injury, infection, or lack of blood flow |
| urticaria | commonly known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by raised, itchy welts or bumps |
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