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A&P Chap 3
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acetabulum | hip socket, large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint |
| appendicular skeleton | consists of upper (shoulder, arms, forearm, wrists, hands) and lower (hips, thighs, legs, ankles, feet) extremities |
| articular cartilage | cusions and controls joints |
| autologous transplant | bone marrow transplant where patient recieves their own harvested bone marrow |
| axial skelton | body trunk, consists of the skull, ribs, sternum, thoratic vertebrae of the thoratic cavity, & the vertebrae of the spinal cloumn |
| carpals | part of the appendicular skelton, bones that form the wrist |
| clavicle | colar bone, slender bone that connects the manubrium of the sternum to the scapula |
| comminuted | bone fracture where the bones are crushed or splintered |
| diaphysis | hollow shaft of a long bone |
| dual x-ray absorptiometry | low expose radiographic measurement of the spine & hips to measure bone density, used to evaluate bone condition after menopause or osteoporosis detection |
| endosteum | tissue that lines the medullary cavity |
| epiphysis | wide end of a long bone that is covered with articular cartilage |
| ewing's sarcoma | cancer that effects children and adolecents, tumor of the bones in the upper arms, legs, pelvic,or ribs |
| femur | largest bone in the body, upper leg bone or thigh bone |
| fibula | the smaller of the two bones of the lower leg |
| foramen | opening in a bone through which blood vessels,nerves, and ligaments pass |
| functions of the skelton system | .acts as the framework of the body .support & protect the internal organs .its joints aid in making possible the a variety of movement .stores calcium required for normal nerve and muscle function .contains red bone marrow that forms blood cells |
| gouty arthritis | gout, type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid found in the joints |
| hallux valgus | bunion, abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe |
| herniated disk | slipped or ruptured disk, breaking apart of the intervertebral disk that results in pressure on the spinal nerve groups or spinal curve |
| hinge joint | knees and elbows, synovial joints that allow movement primarly in one direction or plane |
| humerus | bone of the upper arm |
| hyoid bone | adams apple, part of the axial skelton that protects throat area |
| internal fixation | open reduction internal fixation, fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place, usually not taken out |
| leukemia | cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnoraml leukocytes or white blood cells found in the blood forming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood, treated with a bone marrow transplant |
| ligament | joins bone to bone |
| lumbago | low back pain, pain of the lumbar region of the spine |
| luxation | dislocation, total displacement of a bone from its joint |
| mandible | lower jaw bone, only movable bone of the skull |
| manipulation | closed reduction, attempted realignmentof the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation |
| manubrium | bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum |
| maxilla | forms most of the upper jaw |
| medullary cavity | located in shaft of long bone, surrounded by compact bone, hollow point in bone where bone marrow is stored |
| metacarpals | 5 bones that form the palms of the hand |
| metatarsals | part of the foot to which the toes are attached |
| patella | knee cap, boney anterior portion of the knee |
| periosteum | tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outter most covering of bone |
| phalanges | 14 bones of the fingers and toes |
| process | normal projection on surface of bone that serves as attachment for muscles and tendons |
| proximal epiphysis | end of bone located nearest midline of body |
| radius | smaller and shorter bone in forearm that runs from thumb to elbow |
| ribs | attach to thoracic vertebrae, 1-7 known as true ribs, 8-10 known as false ribs, 11-12 known as floating ribs, also known as costals |
| sacrum | slightly curved, triangular-shaped bone near base of spine that forms lower portion of back, when born there are 5 bones in children that become fused by adulthood |
| scapula | shoulder blade |
| spina bifida | congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when spinal canal fails to close completely around spinal cord to protect it |
| stress fracture | small crack in bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact, also known as an overuse injury |
| structures of the skeletal system | skeleton, cartilage, ligaments, synovial membrane, bursa, joints, bone formations, bone tissues, bone marrow |
| synovial joints | created where 2 bones articulate to permit a variety of motions |
| tarsals | 7 bones that form ankles |
| tendons | narrow band of non-elastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
| thoracic vertebrae | 2nd set of 12 vertebrae, outward curve of spine, known as T1-T12 |
| tibia | larger, weight bearing bone in anterior of lower leg, known as shin bone |
| traction | pulling force exerted on limb in distal direction in effort to return bone or joint to normal alignment |
| true ribs | first 7 pairs of ribs, attached anteriorly to sternum individually |
| ulna | larger and longer bone of forearm, proximal end articulates with distal end of humerus to form elbow joint |
| zygomatic bone | articulate with frontal bone(forehead), also known as cheekbones |
Created by:
Redd
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