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Psychology Chap. 1-5

Study Guide with notes from Jacob Pappas Chapters 1-5 from the book.

TermDefinition
Psychology The scientific study of the mind and behavior.
Structuralism Sought to understand the structure of the human mind through introspection
Functionalism Sought to understand the human mind as a suite of a functional adaptations
Psychoanalytic Perspective Attempted to explain the human mind and behavior by emphasizing the importance of unconscious desires and urges (ex. lust and aggression) and interactions with early childhood caregivers. It is associated with the "talking cure".
Gestalt Psychology Argued that human beings should be studied holistically. The gestalt principles describe the laws governing human perception. This is also no longer practiced today but made a large impact on modern research.
Ivan Pavlov Discovered the phenomenon of classical conditioning. He concluded that organisms form associations between stimuli and these associations shape involuntary behavior.
Behaviorism Stressed the need to study observable behavior. Examining whether classical conditioning could be applied to humans and most well-known for the "Little Albert" study.
Operant Conditioning A further development of behaviorism. How voluntary behavior is shaped by its consequences (reinforcement vs punishment). Most associated with B.F Skinner who used a conditioning chamber known as a Skinner Box.
Humanistic Psychology Arose from dissatisfaction with dominant perspective in American psychology. (behaviorism = too simplistic, psychoanalytic = too bleak, both = too deterministic) People should be studied and treated wholistically.
The Cognitive Revolution Developed along breakthroughs in neuroscience, linguistics and computer science. Treats the mind as an information processing machine, concerning processes related to thoughts, memory, and intelligence.
Created by: user-1985120
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