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DC Psych Ch5
Sensation and perception
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hue | The dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names |
| Intensity | The amount of energy in a light/sound wave, which influences what we percieve as brightness/loudness. |
| What determines intensity? | Amplitude of the soundwave (height) |
| Optic nerve | The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain |
| Retina | Light-sensitive back inner surface of the eye. Contains receptor rods + cones and layers of neurons that begin to process visual info |
| First part of visual processing order | rods/cones (detect black, white, gray/detect color sensation) |
| Second part of visual processing order | bipolar cells (midway point for sparking neural signals) |
| Third part of visual processing order | ganglion cells (activated by bipolar cells, axons create optic nerve) |
| Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three-color) theory | The theory that the retina contains 3 different types of color receptors (red/blue/green). When stimulated in combination, these receptors can perceive any color |
| Opponent-process theory | The theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, blue-yellow, white-black) enable color vision. Ex: some cells are turned "on" by green and "off" by red, and vice versa |
| What determines the pitch of a sound wave? | Frequency |
| Frequency | The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (Ex: per second) |
| Pitch | Tone's experienced highness/lowness (depending on frequency) |
| Sound traveling process/order | oval window (cochlea's membrane-covered opening) > cochlear fluid > hair cells (trigger impulses in nerve cells) |
| Conduction hearing loss | Less common form of hearing loss. Caused by damage to mechanical system that conducts sound waves to cochlea |
| Sensorineural hearing loss | Hearing loss caused by damage to cochlea's receptor cells or auditory nerve. More common form of hearing loss. |
| Cochlea | A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling thru cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses |
| What are the 4 basic sensations of touch? | Pressure, pain, warmth, and cold |
| Endorphins | Our body's natural painkillers released when we are in severe pain or strenuous exercise |
| What happens when endorphins and distractions are utilized simultaneously? | Patients' pain is reduced by a large amount |
| Gate control theory | Theory that the spinal chord contains a "gate" that controls transmission of pain messages to the brain. |
| Gustation | Our sense of taste |
| The five sensations of taste | sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami (savory) |
| How often do taste receptors regenerate themselves? | Every 1-2 weeks |
| Olfaction | Our sense of smell |
| What is smell/olfaction able to bypass? | The thalamus |
| What mental processes is smell heavily linked to? | Memory and emotion |
| Kinesthesia | Our movement sense; our system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts |
| Vestibular sense (Equilibrium) | Our balance sense; our sense of body movement and position that enables our sense of balance |
| Which senses are chemical senses? | Taste and smell |
Created by:
mimi.k
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