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DC Psych Ch3
Developing through life span
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Critical period | A period early in life when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences is needed for proper development. |
| What are the some starting motor milestones, and in what order are they? | 1. Sitting 2. Crawling/standing 3. Walking |
| What are the four stages of cognitive development Jean Piaget theorized, and in what order? | 1. Sensorimotor (0-2yrs) 2. Preoperational (2-7yrs) 3. Concrete operational (7-11yrs) 4. Formal operational (12+ yrs) |
| What develops in the Sensorimotor stage? | Object permanence |
| What are the characteristics of the Preoperational stage? | Egocentric mentality, too young to perform mental operations, pretend play |
| What are the characteristics of the Concrete Operational stage? | Logical thinking of concrete events, simple math, and conservation (mass/volume/number/etc. remain same despite change in shapes) |
| What are the characteristics of the Formal Operational stage? | Logical thinking about abstract concepts |
| Whats the difference between assimilation and accommodation? | Assimilation is interpreting new information according to our current understandings (schemas). Accommodation is changing/adjusting our schemas to incorporate information from new experiences. |
| Cognition: | All mental activities associated w thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
| Scaffolding: | Parents/caregivers/other children give framework that offers children temporary support as they develop their thinking |
| Conservation: | Linked to Piaget's concrete operational stage. The idea that properties like mass/volume/number stay the same even if it changes shape |
| How do stimulation + development correlate? | Lack of stimulation can slow cognitive and brain development |
| Egocentrism: | Linked to Piaget's preoperational stage. Difficulty to take another's point of view. |
| Theory of mind: | people's ideas about their own and others' mental states; about their feelings, thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors |
| What is Erik Erikson's "basic trust"? | a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; formed during infancy with good caregivers |
| What are the four main parenting styles? | Authoritarian (strict/coercive, low self-esteem), Permissive (unrestraining, results in aggression/immaturity), Neglectful (uninvolved, results in poor academic/social), Authoritative (confrontive/responsive, high self-esteem and social competence) |
| Puberty: | The period of sexual maturation, where a person becomes capable of reproduction. |
| Why do many teenagers engage in risky behavior? | Their frontal lobe maturation is lagging behind their limbic system, causes risky behavior, emotionality, and impulsiveness. |
| What are Kohlberg's stages of moral development? | 1. Preconventional (before 9yrs) 2. Conventional (early adolescence) 3. Post conventional (adolescence + beyond) |
| Preconventional morality: | self-interested, obey rules to avoid punishment/gain concrete rewards |
| Conventional morality: | Obey laws/rules to maintain social order/gain approval |
| Post conventional morality: | Actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethics |
| Identity (and how it affects adolescents): | Our sense of self; teens explore this by testing different roles |
Created by:
mimi.k
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