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PSYC 270 QUIZ 1

Quiz

TermDefinition
Psychology The scientific study of the mind and behaviour
Cognitive psychology An objective, empirical discipline that studies the mind using an experimental approach. Empirical Investigation of Cognition
Cognition Collection of mental processes and activities used in: -Perception -Attention -Learning -Memory -Language -Reasoning -Judgment & Decision Making
Cognitive science An interdisciplinary approach to the scientific study of the mind; using all available scientific techniques and including all relevant scientific disciplines
Assumptions of cognitive science -Materialism: Matter and energy are all that exist, the mind is seen as natural machinery. -Reductionism: Attempt to understand something complex by breaking it down into its components. -Empiricism: Emphasizes the role of experience and evidence
Aristotle's Doctrine of Association The human mind is composed of ideas that are organized by associations -Ideas being elements in the environment -Associations being links between ideas
Aristotle's Laws of Association 1. Similarity: conceptually related 2. Contiguity: similar in space and time 3. Contrast: opposites 4. Frequency: linked more often; repetition
Descartes' dualism theory The mind is made of something qualitatively different from the physical brain
Materialist problems with dualism The mind is a label for what the brain does (we are our brains). Localization of function in neuroscience
Wilhelm Wundt (1879) Baby daddy of psychology, studied introspection (conscious reflecting on experience of stimulus vs response)
Edward Titchener Created structuralism based on introspection but more focused on sensory experiences
Hermann von Ebbinghaus Memory researcher, consonant-vowel-consonant trigrams for mastery
William James Created functionalism, believed in "Stream of Thought"
Functionalism The study of functions of consciousness, rather then structure. Evolution oriented - how the mind adapts
Behaviourism The scientific study of observable behaviour, anti-mentalistic
John Watson Founder of behaviourism, based on stimulus and response associations (conditioning)
B. F. Skinner Radical behaviourist, brought focus to observable and measurable parts of psychology; believed human behaviour could be fully explained with an adequate understanding of stimulus-response relationships
Noam Chompsky's criticism of behaviourism Criticized Skinner’s Account of Language Children’s “Lexical Explosion” Generative Capacity
Assumptions of cognitive psychology 1. Mental processes exist 2. Mental processes can be scientifically studied 3. Humans are active information processors
Channel capacity An analogy for the limited capacity of the human information processing system
7 Themes of cognition 1. Attention 2. Data-driven versus conceptually driven processing 3. Representation 4. Implicit versus explicit memory 5. Metacognition 6. Brain 7. Embodiment
Attention Sensation and perception dependent, limited in quantity, memory
Data driven vs conceptual driven Bottom-up vs top-down processing
Representation Knowing what something is based on stimuli memory through senses of concepts (association images)
Implicit vs explicit memory Implicit: Natural/preprogrammed features remembering, not necessarily conscious. Explicit: Deliberately retrieving information
Metacognition Thinking about thinking
Brain Organ, localization of function
Embodiment/embodied cognition Everything learned is physically encoded/printed in the brain (hands on learning)
Created by: user-1982862
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