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ch14_prototypes

vitamin A,C and Iron

QuestionAnswer
vitamin A/Drug Class Fat-soluble vitamin
vitamin A/Trade names Acon, Aquasol A
vitamin A/Pregnancy Category A (X if doses are above RDA)/>6000 iu
vitamin A/RDA 5000 international units
vitamin A/Contraindications Hypervitaminosis A, pregnancy (massive doses)
vitamin A/Interactions May decrease absorption of mineral oil, cholestyramine, antilipidemics
vitamin A/Pharmacokinetics Absorption: PO: 1 Distribution: PB: UK Metabolism: t½: weeks-months Excretion: Urine
vitamin A/Pharmacodynamics PO: Onset: 1–2 h Peak: 4–5 h Duration: UK
vitamin A/Therapeutic Effects/Uses To treat vitamin A deficiency (biliary tract or pancreatic disease, colitis, cirrhosis, celiac disease, sprue), prevent night blindness, treat skin disorders, promote bone development
vitamin A/Mode of Action Essential for growth, bone and teeth development, vision, integrity of skin and mucous membranes, and reproduction
vitamin A/Side Effects Headache, fatigue, drowsiness, irritability, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, dry skin, visual changes
vitamin A/Adverse Reactions Evident only with toxicity: leukopenia, aplastic anemia, papilledema, increased intracranial pressure, hypervitaminosis A, bulging fontanelles in infants
VITAMIN C/Drug Class Water-soluble vitamin
VITAMIN C/Trade names Ascorbicap, Cecon, Cevalin, Solucap C,
VITAMIN C/Pregnancy Category A (C if used in doses above RDA)>60mg/d
VITAMIN C/dosage Severe deficit: Scurvy A: PO: IM: IV: 150–500 mg/d in 1 to 2 divided doses C: PO: IM: IV: 150–300 mg/d in 1 to 2 divided doses Pregnancy and lactation: A: PO: 160–80 mg/d
VITAMIN C/Contraindications Caution: Renal calculi, gout, anemia: sickle cell, sideroblastic, thalassemia
VITAMIN C/Interactions Decrease ascorbic acid uptake taken with salicylates; may decrease effect of oral anticoagulants; may decrease elimination of aspirins,increases absorption of iron; May decrease bilirubin, urinary pH; may increase uric acid, uric oxalate
VITAMIN C/Pharmacokinetics Absorption: PO: quickly/ Distribution: PB: 25%/ Metabolism: t½: UK/ Excretion: In the urine; unchanged with high doses
VITAMIN C/Pharmacodynamics PO: Onset: >2 d/ Peak: UK/ Duration: UK
VITAMIN C/Therapeutic Effects/Uses To prevent and treat vitamin C deficiency (scurvy); to increase wound healing; for burns. Preserves integrity of blood vessels.
VITAMIN C/Mode of Action A water-soluble vitamin, essential for collagen formation and tissue repair (bones, skin, blood vessels). Synthesis of lipids, protein, carnithine
VITAMIN C/Side Effects Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; increased urination with dose >19./ Parenteral; flushing, headache, dizziness, soreness at injection site
VITAMIN C/Adverse Reactions Kidney stones, crystalluria, hyperuricemia Life-threatening: Sickle cell crisis, deep vein thrombosis
IRON/Drug Class Mineral for antianemia
IRON/Trade names ferrous sulfate (Feosol, Fer-Iron), ferrous gluconate (Fergon, Fertinic), ferrous fumarate (Feostat, Fumerin),
IRON/Contraindications Hemolytic anemia, hemosiderosis, peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis/ Caution: Bronchial asthma, iron hypersensitivity
IRON/Dosage A: PO: 300–325 mg q.i.d.: increase to 650 mg q.i.d. as needed or tolerated;/ Pregnancy: PO: 300–600 mg/d;/ C: ≥2 y: PO: 8 mg/kg daily in divided doses
IRON/Pregnancy Category A( X if >RDA in first trimester)
IRON/Interactions Increased effect of iron with vitamin C; decreased effect of tetracycline, antacids, penicillamine;/ May increase bilirubin, may decrease calcium
IRON/Pharmacokinetics Absorption: PO: 10%-30% intestines;/ Distribution: PB: UK;/ Metabolism: t½: 6 h;/ Excretion: Urine, feces, sweat
IRON/Pharmacodynamics PO: Onset: 4 d;/ Peak: 7–14 d;/ Duration: 3–4 mo
IRON/Therapeutic Effects/Uses To prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia
IRON/Mode of Action Enables RBC development and oxygen transport via hemoglobin
IRON/Side Effects Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, epigastric pain; elixir may stain teeth
IRON/Adverse Reactions Existing GI conditions may be aggravated Pallor, drowsiness Life-threatening: Iron poisoning (mostly in children) and may result in cardiovascular collapse, metabolic acidosis
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