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Chapt. 5
Terms & Definitions, pgs: 94 + 95.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absorption | The taking in of nutrients & drugs into the body from food & liquids. |
| Behind the counter (BTC) | Nonprescription drugs that are kept behind the pharmacy counter; limited amounts may be sold, or the customer may require the permission of a pharmacist to purchase them. |
| Bioavailability | The degree to which a drug or other substance becomes available to the target tissue after administration. |
| Bioequivalence | The relationship between two drugs that have the same dosage & dosage form & that have similar bioavailability. Generic versions of a medication must show bioequivalence to the original approved brand product as a requirement of drug approval. |
| Distribution | The movement of a medication throughout the blood, organs, & tissues after administration. |
| Elimination | The final evacuation of a drug or other substance from the body by normal body processes, such as kidney elimination (urine), biliary excretion (bile to stool), sweat, respiration, or saliva. |
| Enteral | A route of administration by the way of the intestine, such as orally, rectally, or sublingually. |
| First- pass effect | A process in which a portion of the drug dose is metabolized before the drug has a chance to be distributed systemically. |
| Half-life (1) | The time required for a chemical to be decreased by half. |
| Half-life (2) | The time required for half the amount of a substance, such as a drug in a living system, to be eliminated or disintegrated by natural processes. |
| Half-life (3) | The time required for the concentration of a substance in a body fluid (blood plasma) to decrease by half. |
| Instill | To place into; instillation instructions are commonly used for ophthalmic or otic drugs. |
| Legend drugs | Drugs that require a prescription; these drugs carry the federal legend: "Federal law prohibits the dispensing of this medication without a prescription." |
| Metabolism | The processes by which the body breaks down or converts medications or active or inactive substances. The primary site of drug metabolism in humans is the liver; however, select drugs are metabolized through other processes. |
| Over the counter (OTC) | Medications that can be purchased without a prescription. |
| Parenteral | A term used to describe a medication that is usually given by injection into a vein, the skin, or muscle that bypasses the gastrointestinal system. |
| Pharmacokinetics | The study of the absorption, metabolism, distribution, & elimination of drugs. |
| Prodrug | An inactive substance that is converted to a drug in the body by the action of enzymes or other chemicals. |
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