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SCIENCE: Unit 2 Exam
Cell membrane/Transport and Homeostasis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two main components of cell membrane? (Phospholipid Bilayer) | 1) Hydrophobic INTERIOR 2) Hydrophilic EXTERIOR |
| Hydrophobic | Water fearing |
| Hydrophilic | Water loving |
| Carbohydrates: | Identification tags for cells |
| Phospholipid Bilayer: | Regulates transportation of things in/out of cell 1) Phosphate Head 2) Fatty Acid Tail |
| What does CHOLESTEROL in cell membrane do? | Holds fatty acid tails together |
| Passive Transport | Molecules move in/out WITHOUT energy |
| Concentration Gradient | Different amount of molecules in an area that move from high to low. |
| Diffusion | Movement of molecules from HIGH → LOW concentration (Passive) |
| Osmosis | DIFFUSION OF WATER across the membrane (Passive) |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Movement with assistance from TRANSPORT PROTEINS (Passive) |
| Hypotonic | Having less concentration (of solute) than another solution (EXPANDS/WATER INTO CELL) |
| Hypertonic | Having more concentration (of solute) than another solution (SHRIVELS/WATER OUT OF CELL) |
| Isonotic | Both solutions are equal (IDEAL FOR CELL) |
| Which direction water flows? | Low→High solute concentration |
| Active Transport | Molecules move in/out, need ENERGY |
| Onion placed in water (hypotonic solution) | EXPAND/fill with water/hypotonic |
| Onion placed in salt water (hypertonic solution) | SHRIVEL/water leaves cell/hypertonic |
| Endocytosis | Vesicle brings things INSIDE cell (Active) |
| Exocytosis | Vesicle brings things OUT of cell (Active) |
| Signals | Sign sent to body, comes from a stimulus |
| Stimulus | Causes change in external or internal environment of organism (no more homeostasis) |
| Response | Positive and Negative Feedback Loops |
| Do systems in human body work together? | Yes (ex. alveoli transfer oxygen to blood stream to go into arteries) |
| Homeostasis | A state of balance in the body |
| What happens when you exercise then rest after? | Body uses Negative Feedback Loop to return to homeostasis (normal BPM and respiratory rate) |
| Negative Feedback Loops | TWO loops, good for body |
| Positive Feedback Loops | ONE loop, bad for body |
| How is a Positive Feedback Loop stopped? | When Negative Feedback Loop can take over (ex. recovery from childbirth) |
| Why do blood glucose levels need to be controlled? | To maintain homeostasis in organs |
| Insulin... | hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. |
| Glucose | Sugar, primary source of energy |
| ATP | important energy molecule for life |
| Glucagon | hormone that increases glucose levels |
| Solute | compound dissolves in water |
| Solvent | dissolves other substances |
Created by:
user-1983150
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