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Life Sciences test 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Scientific method | Make observations, think of interesting questions, formulate hypothesis, develop testable predictions, gather data to test predictions, refine, alter, expand, reject hypothesis, or develop general theories |
| emergent properties | A characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of the systems components |
| Cells | building blocks of life |
| Energy | The capacity to do work /make things happen |
| producers | Plants and other photosynthetic organisms make their food by the sunlight |
| Consumers | Animals and Decomposers, cannot make their food on their own, but obtain it by other organisms |
| Homeostasis | The ability to sense and adjust to change. To keep internal conditions for cell survival (sweating) |
| DNA | The signature molecule of life that carries hereditary information that allows organisms to grow and reproduce |
| Sampling error | It occurs when the conclusions inferred from the subject differ from the results from the whole population |
| The 4 C's | Cut, clarity, color, carat |
| The 5th C | Conflict free |
| Au produced by the artisanal or small-scale gold mining (ASGM) sector? | 20-25% |
| Biomagnification | The process where toxins become more concentrated as they move up the food chain, leading to higher levels in top predators |
| Bioaccumulation | The gradual buildup of a substance, like a toxin, in an organism's tissues over time |
| Hydrogen | H |
| Helium | He |
| Carbon | C |
| Oxygen | O |
| Nitrogen | N |
| Neon | Ne |
| Sodium | Na |
| Chlorine | Cl |
| Potassium | K |
| Calcium | Ca |
| Silver | Hg |
| Charge | A electrical property that attracts or repels another subatomic particles |
| 1st energy shell can hold | 2 |
| The 2nd and 3rd energy shells can hold | 8 |
| Istopes | atoms of the same element that have different number of neurons |
| Radioscope | A unstable nucleus that breaks up sponstously, as it breaks up it emits radiation |
| Tracer | any substance with a detectable component |
| Atom bonding | Electron behavior influences ... |
| When atoms the shell is filled they ... | are chemically stable and don't interact with other atoms |
| When atoms are not filled they ... | they are reactive with other atoms, also called free atoms |
| Ion | Any atom with a unequal number of protons and electrons |
| All ions either carry a .. | Positive or negative charge |
| Chemical bond | A union between the electron structures of a atom |
| Molecule | A bonded unit of two or more (same or different) atoms |
| Ironic bonds ex. NaCl | A atom loses or gains one or more electrons |
| Polarity | the separation of change into positive and negative regions |
| Electronegravitity | the atom's ability to obtain electrons from other atoms |
| Covalent bonding | holds together two bonds that share one or more pairs of electrons |
| Single bond | two atoms sharing one pair of electrons |
| Double bond | two atoms sharing two pairs of electrons |
| nonpolar covalent bond | atoms share electrons equally |
| polar covalent bond ex. water | atoms share the electrons unequally there is a slight differencwe in charge between the two poles in the bond |
| hydrogen bond | a atom/molecule interacts weakly with the hydrogen atom already taking part in the polar covalent bond |
| Coheason | Sticky |
| Solvent | Dissolves |
| What do all organic compounds have in common? | All have carbon and hydrogen |
| atp | organic, phosphate groups and energy in our cells, it needs molecular oxygen |
| Carbohydrates base | Simple sugars |
| Lipids base | Fatty acids |
| Atp base | Nucleic acids |
| Proteins base | Amino acid |
| Hydrolysis | Breaking down the larger compound with the addition of water (breaking down food) |
| Condensation | Releasing water and forms polymers as monomers bond ex. Glycogen |
| What is the trigger for blood glucose to grab glucose from the bloodstream? | Insulin |
| Calories | They keep track of the body's energy budget |
| Fatty acids | typical fat molecules with three long carbon fatty acid "tails". |
| Unsaturated fatty acids | liquids (oils) at room temperature because one or more double bonds between the carbons in the tails limit their flexibility. |
| Saturated fatty acids | only single C-C bonds in their tails and are solids at room temperature |
| Hydrogenated fats | manufactured trans fats, which have been widely marketed and are consumed in the American diet. |
| Arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries and may be caused by even small amounts of hydrogenated fats. |
| HDL | good cholesterol |
| LDL | Bad cholesterol (causes heart disease/strokes) |
| Protein function | Enzymes, cell movements, storage, hormones, and anti disease agents |
| Amino acids | small organic molecules with an amine group, an carboxyl group, and one or more "R" groups |
| Peptide bond | When two amino acids bond together and it builds proteins |
| Hemoglobin | Almost 600 amino acids! Four polypeptide chains, each associated with a heme group Heme group is an iron atom that can loosely bind an oxygen atom |
| Why does cell structure matter | Celia |
| Situs Inversus totalis (SIT) | Heart is positioned in the right chest instead of left |
| What causes SIT | Autosomal Recessive Genetic Condition 25% PCD (primary ciliary dyskinesia) • Disfunction of the cilia during embryonic development • Normal functioning cilia determine the position of internal organs during early development |
| Prokaryotes (bacteria) | The smallest known cells and are the most metabolically diverse forms of life on Earth. They have dna but no nucleus and they have cell walls |
| Eukaryotic Cells | true nucleus) are larger and generally more complex with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. |
| What do plant cells have but humans don't | Cell wall, chloroplast , and central vacuole |
Created by:
EmmaParker1
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