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ART 3352
Fairmont State University Arts Integration Exam 2 Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cognition | thought and memory processing |
| Cognitive Development | long term changes in cognition |
| Piaget believed learning was the result of ____ and ____. | assimilation, accommodation |
| What are some characters of Piaget's staircase model? | stages are always in the same order, not skipped, is a significant transformation and incorporates earlier stages |
| What are the 4 stages of Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory? | sensoriomotor intelligence, pre-operational thinking, concrete operational thinking, formal operational thinking, |
| What age is the sensorimotor intelligence stage? | birth to 2 |
| How do infants think in the sensorimotor intelligence stage? | through their senses and motor actions |
| Object Permanence | belief and object exists even when out of sight |
| What marks qualitative transformation of younger infants to older infants? | object permance |
| What age is the pre-operational thinking stage? | 2 to 7 |
| How do children think in the pre-operational thinking stage? | they represent and store objects in their cognition but not in an organized way |
| Dramatic Play | child's tendency to create make-believe scenarios |
| Metacognition | reflecting on and the monitoring of thinking |
| What age is the concrete operational thinking stage? | 7 to 11 |
| How do children think in the concrete operational thinking stage? | they can represent ideas and events more flexibly and logically |
| Reversibility | ability to think about the steps of a process in any order |
| Decentration | ability to focus on more than one feature of an object / concept at a time |
| Conservation of Quantity | recognizing an amount / quantity stays the same even when the visual size changes |
| What age is the formal operational thinking stage? | 11 + |
| How do children think in the formal operational thinking stage? | can reason about abstract or hypothetical objects and events |
| What are the 5 stages of Lowenfeld's Model? | first stage of self expression, first representational attempts, achievement of a form concept, dawning realism, pseudo-naturalistic |
| What is significant of the first stage of self expression? | scribbling |
| Scribble | formed by shapeless purposeless and tangled lines |
| What are the 4 stages of a scribble? | disordered, longitudinal, circular, naming |
| Disordered Scribble | uncontrolled, related to temperant |
| Longitudinal Scribble | controlled repetitions |
| Circular Scribble | controlled movements |
| Naming Scribble | tells stories about the scribble |
| What is significant of the first representational attempts stage? | lines / scribbles become more organized (human or animal figures) |
| Color usage is ____ in the first representational attempt. | emotional |
| What does realism begin through? | observation and experimentation |
| Observation | copying movements seen in watching other students |
| Experimentation | trial and error of connecting thoughts |
| What is significant of the achievement of a form concept stage? | begin demonstrating awareness of concept of space / objects become easily definable |
| Folding Over | when objects are drawing perpendicular to the base line |
| X-Ray Picture | when subjects are drawn like they are being seen from the inside and outside |
| What is significant of the dawning realism stage? | perspective becomes used / drawing become more purposeful |
| How does the dawning realism stage develop? | through experience with the objects being represented |
| What is significant of the pseudo-naturalistic stage? | product becomes most important |
| Visual Pseudo-Naturalistic | art looks more staged, inspired by visual stimuli, child is a spectator and color is realistic |
| Non-Visual Pseudo-Naturalistic | art is based on subjective interpretation, emotional relationships and color is emotional |
| Art Therapy | clinical psychology where art is used to interpret emotional distress or heal trauma |
| What are the 2 theories of learning? | behavioral learning, social emotional and constructivism |
| Who led the behavioral learning theory? | Skinner and Watson |
| What did Skinner believe? | learning occurs through operant conditioning |
| Operant Conditioning | learning or behavior changes due to reinforcement or punishmet |
| Positive Reinforcement | offering rewards or incentives to strengthen desired behaviors |
| Negative Reinforcement | removal of an unpleasant stimulus after a preferred behavior to increase behavior frequency |
| Punishment | applying negative consequences to discourage undesirable behaviors |
| Modeling | demonstrating desirable behaviors for students to observe or imitate |
| Cueing | providing hints to steer behavior |
| What are the 5 social emotional learning theory competencies? | self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, responsible decision making |
| Self-Awareness | how your emotions impact your behavior, knowing your strengths and weaknesses |
| Self-Management | taking control of your thoughts, emotions and actions |
| Social Awareness | empathizing with individuals of different backgrounds |
| Relationship Skills | build and maintain healthy relationships |
| Responsible Decision Making | choosing how to act or respond |
| Constructivism Learning Theory | students actively participating in discovery-based learning |
| What are the 3 types of constructivism? | cognitive, social, radical |
| Cognitive Constructivism | students construct knowledge based on cognitive development |
| Social Constructivism | emphasis on interactions with others as a basis for learnign |
| Radical Constructivism | knowledge is based off personal experiences, not handed down |
| What are the 5 stages of constructivism? | inviting ideas, exploration, proposition, explanation / solution, taking action |
| What are 3 examples of constructivism in the classroom? | cooperative, inquiry, problem |
| Cooperative Learning | students work in small groupds or pairs |
| Inquiry Learning | students ask questions based on independent research |
| Problem Learning | students are presented with a problem and they have to work together for a solution |
Created by:
haileyjordan91
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