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Final Review (NT)
RAD 101 Final Review
| What are the diagnostic purposes of radiation? | Radiographic images are detailed images of internal structures of the body to identify injuries, diseases, abnormal conditions, etc. |
| What are the therapeutic purposes of radiation? | Radiation destroys and/or targets disease cells |
| Who discovered x-ray and when? | Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen discovered x-rays on November 8th, 1895 |
| What was the first x-ray taken of? | Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen's wife's hand |
| What are some of the various specialties within radiologic and imaging science departments? | CT, MRI, Mammography, Nuclear Medicine, Ultrasound, Sonography, Interventional Radiology, Bone Densitometry, and Radiation Therapy |
| True or False: Every states requires you to be certified in order to work as a Radiologic Technologist | False |
| True or False: Radiologic Technologists create diagnostic images | True |
| True or False: Radiologists interprets diagnostic images | True |
| What does the Radiology Administer do? | Oversees staff, daily operations, budget, billing and reimbursement, quality assurance, compliance, and patient and staff safety |
| List other health care teams that radiologic technologists work closely with | Nurses, Transport, Emergency Department, Primary Care, Secondary Care, Tertiary Care, Surgeons, Order Physicians, Healthcare Administrators, Health Information Managers, Medical Director, HR, etc. |
| Define Accreditation | Voluntary peer-reviewed process through which an agency grants recognition to an institution for a program of study that meets specified criteria |
| Define Certification | Voluntary process through which an agency grants recognition to an individual on demonstration, usually be examination, of specialized professionals skills |
| List the organization that monitor the professional behaviors of the Specialty Areas of Radiology | ACR, ARRT, ASRT, ABR, SIR, SNMMI, ASRO, AMIM, RSNA |
| What are the changes from traditional management functions to new requirements of managing radiology in the current health care environment? | Going from controlling and directing staff to coaching, collaborating, and leading staff by value-based case models, technology, and economic pressures. |
| List the regulating agencies that affect radiology | FDA, NRC, The Joint Commission, OSHA, EPA, DOT, State Boards of Health or Radiology Boards, ACR, and NCRP |
| List some of the characteristics of desirable applicants for employment in radiology | Technical and clinical skills, interpersonal and soft skills, and professionalism |
| List the causes and symptoms of stress | Causes such as major life changes, financial worries, pressures from work or school, and relationship problems. Symptoms such as physical, emotional, physiological, and behavioral changes to the body. |
| What behaviors and thoughts that increase the fight-or-flight response? | Those that enhance worry, negative self-talk, or the thought of being threatened whether it is life threatening or non-life threatening. |
| What interventions can be used to reduce or buffer stressors? | Exercising, eating a healthy diet, talking to and spending time with friends and family, doing hobbies and activities that you enjoy or like, getting an adequate amount of sleep, being outdoors, meditation, journaling, time management, etc. |
| List some survival techniques to reduce stress and avoid unhealthy habits | Taking control of your worry process, avoid procrastination, deep breathing, meditation, muscle relaxation, exercising, eating a healthy diet, connecting with family and friends, etc. |
| How do uplifts help in relation to hassels? | Uplifts help defeat the effects of hassles as they are budders against stress and restore your depleted emotions. |
| What foods are high in Vitamin C, Vitamin B Complex, and Magnesium? | This includes fruits and vegetables such as strawberries, dark leafy greens, dark chocolate, whole grains, spinach, almonds, black beans, lean meats, fish, eggs, dairy, liver, and salmon |
| Why are these vitamins important? | Vitamin C is important for the immune system as it acts as an antioxidant and Vitamin B complex and Magnesium help with production of energy, reduces fatigue, and nervous system. |
| What are some study techniques to enhance retention? | Spaced repetition, active recall, and possibly teaching others |
| List some of the steps for successful test taking | Taking a “study-rest-day” the day before a major exam, avoid last-minute cramming, avoid a heavy, high-carbohydrate meal before the exam, wear bright, colorful clothes the day of the exam, and get a good night’s rest the night before |
| Define Critical Thinking | Creative action based on professional knowledge and experience involving sound judgment applied with high ethical standards and integrity |
| Define Problem Solving | Answering questions in a methodic manner to resolve a challenging situation |
| Why are critical thinking and problem solving important in the radiology and imaging sciences? | To obtain clear diagnostic images for proper diagnosis and continuity of care, make ethical and sound clinical judgements, ensure patient safety, and adapt to various complexities of patients and technology |
| Why is critical thinking important in ethical, and technical decision making? | We need to defend and support the patient's rights and follow radiation safety and protocols such as ALARA |
| List the steps involved in problem solving. | Identify and define the problem, analyze the problem and gather information, brainstorm and evaluate potential solutions, select and implement the best solution, and review and measure the results to ensure effectiveness |
| What are the sources of radiation? | Natural and manmade |
| True or False: Air Kerma is measured in Joules per kilogram | True |
| True of False: Absorbed Dose is measured in Joules per kilogram or Gy | True |
| True or False: Effective Dose is measured in Joules per kilogram | False, it is measured in Sievert |
| True or False: Equivalent Dose is measured in Sievert | True |
| What is classic coherent scatter? | Involves very low-energy x-rays and occurs when an incoming x-ray photon strikes an atom, which causes the atom to be excited and emits a new x-ray photon with the same energy. No ionization occurs and no energy transfer to patient or matter |
| What is the photoelectric interaction? | X-ray photon is completely absorbed by collision with an inner-shell electron, the electron leaves the atom, creating an ion, the free electron may interact with other atoms |
| What is compton scatter? | Incoming photon collides with an outer-shell electron, the outer-shell electron is ejected, the photon loses some of its energy through collision and will continue |
| True or False: Pair production and photodisintegration are also used in radiography | False, they are only used in radiation therapy |
| What is the permissible limits of exposure for occupational exposure and the general public? | 50mSv or 5rem for occupational exposure and 5mSv or 0.5rem for the general public |
| Why are some cells more sensitive to ionizing radiation? | This is due to cells having different degrees of radiosensitivity. Cellular radiosensitivity is a result of the rate and duration of cellular mitosis. Younger and more active cells are more sensitive. |
| What is direct-hit theory? | Causes damage to DNA or other essential cellular structure and it can either kill the cell or cells immediately or disrupt another essential function such as unstable mitosis or metabolic process |
| What is indirect-hit theory? | Causes damage to another object which may then interact with DNA or interrupt cellular functions. This accounts for most of the damage from x-rays and gamma radiation. |
| What practices are used to protect the patient from excessive radiation | ALARA, time, distance, and shielding, correct collimation/x-ray beam restriction, and filtration when necessary |
| List the devices used to detect and measure exposure to ionizing radiation | Inverse Square Law, direct ion storage dosimeter, optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter, and thermoluminescent dosimeter |
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naomi_taylorrr
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