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science chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Observation | The process of obtaining information by using the senses; the information obtained by using senses. |
| Hypothesis | A testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation |
| prediction | A statement made in advance that expresses the results that will be obtained from testing a hypothesis if the hypothesis is supported; the expected outcome if a hypothesis is accurate |
| experiment | A procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to discover, demonstrate, or test a fact, theory, or general truth |
| variable | A factor that changes in an experiment in order to test a hypothesis |
| experimental group | In an experiment, a group that is identical to a control group except for one factor and that is compared with the control group |
| control group | In an experiment, a group that serves as a standard of comparison with another group to which the control group is identical except for one factor |
| data | Any pieces of information acquired through observation or experimentation |
| correlation | The linear dependence between two variables |
| statistics | The collection and classification of data that are in the form of numbers |
| mean | The number obtained by adding up the data for a given characteristic and dividing this sum by the number of individuals |
| distribution | The relative arrangement of the members of a statistical population; usually shown in a graph |
| probability | The likely hood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event; the mathematical ratio of the number of times one outcome of any event is likely to occur to the number of possible outcomes of the event. |
| sample | The group of individuals or events selected to represent a statistical population |
| risk | The probability of an unwanted outcome |
| model | A pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept |
| conceptual model | A verbal or graphical explanation for how a system works or is organized |
| mathematical model | one or more equations that represent the way a system or process works |
| value | A principle or standard that an individual considers to be important |
| decision making model | A conceptual model that provides a systematic process for making decisions |
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