Question 1

The functions of a nervous system are to:

Accepted Answer

-gather and process information
– produce responses to stimuli
– coordinate the workings of different cells

Question 2

Scientists divide the nervous system into the:

Accepted Answer

-central nervous system (CNS)
– peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 3

CNS includes:

Accepted Answer

-brain
-spinal cord

Question 4

CNS:

Accepted Answer

-receives, processes, interprets, and stores information
– sends out messages destined for muscles, glands, and organs

Question 5

PNS includes:

Accepted Answer

-somatic nervous system, which permits sensation and
voluntary actions
– autonomic nervous system, which regulates blood vessels,
glands, and internal (visceral) organs

Question 6

PNS:

Accepted Answer

-handles the central nervous system’s input and output.

Question 7

The autonomic nervous system is further divided into
the:

Accepted Answer

-sympathetic nervous system, which mobilizes the body for
action
– parasympathetic nervous system, which conserves energy

Question 8

Neurons

Accepted Answer

are the basic units of the nervous system

Question 9

Neurons are held in place by glial cells, or glia, which:

Accepted Answer

-support, nurture, and insulate neurons
– remove debris when neurons die
– enhance the formation and maintenance of neural connections
– modify neuronal functioning

Question 10

Each neuron consists of:

Accepted Answer

-dendrites
– cell body
– axon

Question 11

Many axons are insulated by a myelin sheath that:

Accepted Answer

-speeds up the conduction of neural impulses
– prevents signals in adjacent cells from interfering with one
another

Question 12

nerves

Accepted Answer

In the peripheral nervous system, axons (and sometimes
dendrites) are collected together in bundles

Question 13

The human body has __ pairs of peripheral nerves

Accepted Answer

43

Question 14

Research has disproved two old assumptions:

Accepted Answer

-that neurons in the human central nervous system cannot be
induced to regenerate
– that no new neurons form after early infancy

Question 15

Neurogenesis:

Accepted Answer

The production of new neurons from immature stem cells.

Question 16

synapse

Accepted Answer

where communication between two neurons occurs

Question 17

action potential

Accepted Answer

a wave of electrical voltage

Question 18

When a wave of electrical voltage (action potential) reaches the end of a transmitting axon, ________________ molecules are released into the synaptic cleft.

Accepted Answer

neurotransmitter

Question 19

These molecules bind to ________ _____ on the receiving neuron

Accepted Answer

receptor sites

Question 20

When binding occurs, that neuron becomes either ____ __ ____ ______ __ ____ __ _______, depending on the type of
neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

more or less likely to fire an impulse

Question 21

Excitatory effects

Accepted Answer

decrease the negative charge of the
neuron

Question 22

Inhibitory effects

Accepted Answer

increase the negative charge in the
neuron

Question 23

The firing of a neuron is an ___-__-____ event

Accepted Answer

all-or-none

Question 24

Neurotransmitters:

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters:

Question 25

Neurotransmitters play a critical role in

Accepted Answer

mood, memory, and psychological well-being.

Question 26

Neurotransmitters exist not only in the brain but also in:

Accepted Answer

- the spinal cord
– peripheral nerves
– certain glands

Question 27

The nature of the effects of neurotransmitters depend on
the:

Accepted Answer

level of the neurotransmitter, its location, and the type of receptor it binds to

Question 28

Neurotransmitters include:

Accepted Answer

- serotonin
– dopamine
– acetylcholine
– norepinephrine
– GABA
– glutamate

Question 29

Harmful effects can occur when neurotransmitter....

Accepted Answer

neurotransmitter levels are too high or too low.

Question 30

Hormones:

Accepted Answer

- are long-distance chemical messengers
- are produced mainly by the endocrine glands
- are released directly into the bloodstream
- affect—and are affected by—the nervous system

Psychology Ch.2 Quiz

The Brain & The Nervous System

Question	Answer
The functions of a nervous system are to:	-gather and process information – produce responses to stimuli – coordinate the workings of different cells
Scientists divide the nervous system into the:	-central nervous system (CNS) – peripheral nervous system (PNS)
CNS includes:	-brain -spinal cord
CNS:	-receives, processes, interprets, and stores information – sends out messages destined for muscles, glands, and organs
PNS includes:	-somatic nervous system, which permits sensation and voluntary actions – autonomic nervous system, which regulates blood vessels, glands, and internal (visceral) organs
PNS:	-handles the central nervous system’s input and output.
The autonomic nervous system is further divided into the:	-sympathetic nervous system, which mobilizes the body for action – parasympathetic nervous system, which conserves energy
Neurons	are the basic units of the nervous system
Neurons are held in place by glial cells, or glia, which:	-support, nurture, and insulate neurons – remove debris when neurons die – enhance the formation and maintenance of neural connections – modify neuronal functioning
Each neuron consists of:	-dendrites – cell body – axon
Many axons are insulated by a myelin sheath that:	-speeds up the conduction of neural impulses – prevents signals in adjacent cells from interfering with one another
nerves	In the peripheral nervous system, axons (and sometimes dendrites) are collected together in bundles
The human body has __ pairs of peripheral nerves	43
Research has disproved two old assumptions:	-that neurons in the human central nervous system cannot be induced to regenerate – that no new neurons form after early infancy
Neurogenesis:	The production of new neurons from immature stem cells.
synapse	where communication between two neurons occurs
action potential	a wave of electrical voltage
When a wave of electrical voltage (action potential) reaches the end of a transmitting axon, ________________ molecules are released into the synaptic cleft.	neurotransmitter
These molecules bind to ________ _____ on the receiving neuron	receptor sites
When binding occurs, that neuron becomes either ____ __ ____ ______ __ ____ __ _______, depending on the type of neurotransmitter.	more or less likely to fire an impulse
Excitatory effects	decrease the negative charge of the neuron
Inhibitory effects	increase the negative charge in the neuron
The firing of a neuron is an ___-__-____ event	all-or-none
Neurotransmitters:	Neurotransmitters:
Neurotransmitters play a critical role in	mood, memory, and psychological well-being.
Neurotransmitters exist not only in the brain but also in:	- the spinal cord – peripheral nerves – certain glands
The nature of the effects of neurotransmitters depend on the:	level of the neurotransmitter, its location, and the type of receptor it binds to
Neurotransmitters include:	- serotonin – dopamine – acetylcholine – norepinephrine – GABA – glutamate
Harmful effects can occur when neurotransmitter....	neurotransmitter levels are too high or too low.
Hormones:	- are long-distance chemical messengers - are produced mainly by the endocrine glands - are released directly into the bloodstream - affect—and are affected by—the nervous system

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