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BDC CNS #4-5
Basic Drug Knowledge Central Nervous System Page #4-5
| Generic Name | Brand Name | Classification | Pharmacologic Category | Common Indications | Key Side Effects | US Boxed Warning | Other Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbamazepine (PO) | Tegretol | Anticonvulsant | Seizure Disorders, Bipolar Disorder | Dizziness, Drowsiness, Headache, Ataxia, Nausea, Vomiting, Hyponatremia | Risk of serious dermatologic reactions (including SJS [Stevens-Johnson Syndrome] & TEN [Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis]) in patients with certain genetic predisposition; May cause aplastic anemia & agranulocytosis | ||
| Lamotrigine (PO) | Lamictal | Anticonvulsant | Seizure Disorders, Bipolar Disorder | Nausea, Vomiting, Somnolence, Skin Rash, Alopecia | Risk of serious dermatologic reactions, including SJS (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome) | ||
| Divalproex (Valproic Acid Derivative) (PO) | Depakote, Depakote ER | Anticonvulsant | Seizure Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Migraine Prophylaxis | Drowsiness, Weight Gain, Tremor, Alopecia, Thrombocytopenia, Hyperammonemia | May cause fatal hepatic failure; May cause life-threatening pancreatitis; Fetal Toxicity | ||
| Topiramate (PO) | Topamax | Anticonvulsant | Seizure Disorders, Migraine Prophylaxis | Somnolence, Dizziness, Memory Impairment, Weight Loss | |||
| Levetiracetam (PO, IV) | Keppra | Anticonvulsant | Seizure Disorders | Somnolence, Dizziness, Nausea, Vomiting, Weakness, Asthenia, Psychotic Symptoms, Agitation | |||
| Oxcarbazepine (PO) | Trileptal | Anticonvulsant | Seizure Disorders | Somnolence, Dizziness, Diplopia, Nausea, Vomiting, Ataxia, Hyponatremia | |||
| Gabapentin (PO) | Neurontin | Anticonvulsant | Seizure Disorders, Neuropathic Pain | Somnolence, Dizziness, Ataxia, Fatigue, Diplopia, Xerostomia, Blurry Vision, Peripheral Edema, Weight Gain | |||
| Pregabalin (PO) | Lyrica | CS-V | Anticonvulsant | Seizure Disorders, Neuropathic Pain | Somnolence, Dizziness, Ataxia, Fatigue, Diplopia, Xerostomia, Blurry Vision, Peripheral Edema, Weight Gain | ||
| Buspirone (PO) | Buspar | Antianxiety Agent | Anxiety | Dizziness, Drowsiness, Nausea | Do not use with MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor) | ||
| Alprazolam (PO) | Xanax | CS-IV | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety | Daytime Sedation, Performance Impairment, Tolerance, Dependence, Anterograde Amnesia, Withdrawal, Dizziness, Ataxia | Risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma & death with opioids; Risk of abuse, misuse, & addiction; Risk of dependence & withdrawal reactions | |
| Clonazepam (PO) | Klonopin | CS-IV | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety, Seizure Disorders | Daytime Sedation, Performance Impairment, Tolerance, Dependence, Anterograde Amnesia, Withdrawal, Dizziness, Ataxia | Risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma & death with opioids; Risk of abuse, misuse, & addiction; Risk of dependence & withdrawal reactions | |
| Diazepam (PO, IV) | Valium | CS-IV | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety, Seizure Disorders, Acute Alcohol Withdrawal | Daytime Sedation, Performance Impairment, Tolerance, Dependence, Anterograde Amnesia, Withdrawal, Dizziness, Ataxia | Risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma & death with opioids; Risk of abuse, misuse, & addiction; Risk of dependence & withdrawal reactions | |
| Lorazepam (PO, IV) | Ativan | CS-IV | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety, Seizure Disorders, Acute Alcohol Withdrawal | Daytime Sedation, Performance Impairment, Tolerance, Dependence, Anterograde Amnesia, Withdrawal, Dizziness, Ataxia | Risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma & death with opioids; Risk of abuse, misuse, & addiction; Risk of dependence & withdrawal reactions | (Lorazepam IV): Parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol & may be associated with toxicity if used ≥ 48 hours |
| Midazolam (IV, IM) | Versed | CS-IV | Benzodiazepine | Anesthesia, Sedation | Hypotension, Apnea, Bradypnea | Risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma & death with opioids or when used for sedation in noncritical settings; Risk of abuse, misuse, & addiction; Dose must be individualized; Never give by rapid injection in neonates | |
| Zolpidem (PO) | PO: Ambien, Ambien CR SL: Edluar | CS-IV | Hypnotic | Insomnia | Decreased ability to function the next morning, Somnolence, Headache, Dizziness, Xerostomia, Anterograde Amnesia, Parasomnias | Serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors (i.e., sleepwalking, sleep driving, & engaging in other activities while not fully awake); CI in patients with history of complex sleep behaviors | |
| Melatonin | --- | OTC | Sleep Aid | Insomnia, Jet Lag | Drowsiness, Daytime Somnolence | ||
| Propofol (IV) | Diprivan | Sedative, General Anesthetic | Sedation for Mechanical Ventilation, Procedural Anesthesia, Status Epilepticus | Bradycardia, Hypotension, Hypertriglyceridemia, Propofol-Related Infusion Syndrome (Rare) | Formulated as a 10% lipid emulsion containing 1.1 kcal/mL | ||
| Dexmedetomidine (IV) | Precedex | Alpha 2 Agonist, Sedative | Sedation for Mechanical Ventilation or Procedures | Bradycardia, Hypotension | Tolerance & tachyphylaxis may occur if used longer than 24 hours |
Created by:
nataliemvo
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