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5160 Module 3
Module 3 SAFMEDS only - For studying
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ontogeny | The history of the development of an individual organism during its lifetime. |
| Phylogeny | The history of the natural evolution of a species. |
| Determinism | The assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occur in relation to other events and not in a willy-nilly, accidental fashion. |
| Empiricism | The attutude that emphasizes collecting knowledge and making decisions based on objective, observable, and measurable data gathered through direct experience and experimentation. |
| Parsimony | The practice of ruling out simple, logical explanations, experimentally or conceptually, before considering more complex or abstract explanations. |
| Pragmatism | A philosophical position asserting that the truth value of a statement is determined by how well it promotes effective action; pragmatism is a primary criterion by which behavior analysts judge the value of their findings. |
| Philosophic doubt | An attitude that the truthfulness and validity of all scientific theory and knowledge should be continually questioned. |
| Discriminative stimulus (SD) | A stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has been reinforced and in the absence of which that behavior has not been reinforced; as a result of this history, its presence signals the availability of reinforcement |
| Motivating operation (MO) | An environmental variable that (a) alters the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b) alters the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event. |
| Selectionism | A theory that all forms of life naturally and continually evolve as a result of the interaction between function and the survival value of that function. Operant selection by consequences is the conceptual and empirical foundation of behavior analysis. |
| Experimentation | A carefully controlled comparison of some measure of the phenomenon of interest (the dependent variable) under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time (the IV) differs from one condition to another. |
| Replication | "(a) Repeating conditions within an experiment to determine the reliability of effects and increase internal validity. |
| Dependent variable | The measured behavior in an experiment to determine if it changes as a result of manipulations of the independent variable; in applied behavior analysis, it represents some measure of a socially significant behavior. |
| Independent variable | The variable that is systematically manipulated in an experiment to see whether changes in the IV produce reliable changes in the DV. In applied behavior analysis, it is usually an environmental event or condition antecedent or consequent to the DV. |
| Functional relation | A functional relation in ABA is a cause-and-effect relationship where an intervention systematically changes a behavior. It shows that the treatment, and not something else, is responsible for the behavioral change. |
| Confounding variable | An uncontrolled factor known or suspected to exert influence on the dependent variable. |
| Operant behavior | Behavior that is selected, maintained, and brought under stimulus control as a function of its consequences; each person’s repertoire of operant behavior is a product of his history of interactions with the environment (ontogeny). |
| Stimulus control | A situation in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus. |
| Explanatory fiction | A fictitious or hypothetical variable that often takes the form of another name for the observed phenomenon it claims to explain and contributes nothing to a functional account or understanding of the phenomenon. |
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pwlc
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