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5160 Module 2

21 SAFMEDS Terms

TermDefinition
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior.
response class A group of responses of varying topography, all of which produce the same effect on the environment.
antecedent An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest.
behavior That portion of an organism’s interaction with its environment that involves movement of some part of the organism (Johnston & Pennypacker, 2009, p. 31).
consequence A stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest. Some consequences, especially those that are immediate and relevant to current motivational states, have significant influence on future behavior; others have little effect.
repertoire All of the behaviors a person can do; or a set of behaviors relevant to a particular setting or task (e.g., gardening, mathematical problem solving).
mand An elementary verbal operant involving a response of any form that is evoked by an MO and followed by specific reinforcement.
tact An elementary verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a nonverbal discriminative stimulus and followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement.
intraverbal An elementary verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a verbal discriminative stimulus that does not have point-to-point correspondence with that verbal stimulus.
description The first level of scientific understanding which involves deriving quantifiable and classifiable facts (data) from systematically observed events.
prediction The second level of scientific understanding. When repeat observations show a consistent relationship between two events, the identified relationship can be used to predict the probability of one event occurring.
control The third and highest level of scientific understanding. Established through experimentation confirming that manipulating one event (the IV) results in a reliable change in another event (the DV), and the change is only attributable to that IV.
Causal relation A causal relationship exists when one variable directly causes a change in another variable. In other words, when X happens, it directly makes Y happen.
correlational relation A correlational relationship exists when two variables tend to change together in a predictable pattern, but one does not necessarily cause the other.
molecular analysis A perspective toward behavior that emphasizes momentary contingencies or temporal contiguity in explaining a particular behavioral outcome.
molar analysis A perspective toward behavior that emphasizes the aggregate effects of a history, often involving different response classes, in explaining a particular behavioral outcome.
contingency Refers to dependent and/or temporal relations between operant behavior and its controlling variables.
Mentalism An approach to explaining behavior that assumes that a mental, or “inner” dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension and that phenomena in this dimension either directly cause or at least mediate some forms of behavior, if not all.
Methodological behaviorism A philosophical position view behavioral events that cannot be publicly observed as outside the realm of science.
Radical behaviorism A form of behaviorism that attempts to understand all human behavior, including private events such as thoughts and feelings, in terms of controlling variables in the history of the person (ontogeny) and the species (phylogeny).
3-term contingency The basic unit of analysis in the analysis of operant behavior; encompasses the temporal and possibly dependent relations among an antecedent stimulus, behavior, and consequence.
Created by: pwlc
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