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Module 1 Chapter 1
Questions about psychology chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is psychology? | The scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
| What psychology is not? | It’s not just about therapy, people with mental disorders, sigmunfd frued, or psychiatry |
| What are the Big questions that underlie much of the field in psychology? | Nature or Nurture, Change or stability, or Universal and unique. |
| The largest psychological association has 54 division. What does that suggest about the field of psychology? | It’s more diverse |
| What's the difference bet applied psychology specializations and basic research psychology specializations? | Applied: apply their expertise to real world problems Basic: they conduct research to further understand the behavior and mental processes. |
| What's the main focus of clinical psychological? Is it basic or applied psychology? | Focus on physiological disorders. This is applied. |
| Whats the main focus of Industrial/ organization psychology? Is it basic or applied psychology? | Focus on the workplace/workforce. This is applied |
| What is the main focus of developmental psychology? Is it basic or applied psychology? | How people change throughout their life span. Basic |
| Whats the main focus of physiological psychology? Is it basic or applied psychology? | Focus on the neural basis of behavior/ behavior connects with the mind. Basic |
| Whats the main focus of social psychology? Is it basic or applied psychology? | Focus on how people think about, influence, and relate to each other. Basic |
| What is philosophy? | Focus on the biological function of brain and body? |
| Which two older fields influence the development of psychology? | Philosophy and Physiology. |
| Is psychology a global science? | Yes |
| What did old school created for part of psychology? | Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism and humanism |
| What did new school added as part of psychology? | Multiculturalism, Cognitive psychology and Biopsychology. |
| What is Multiculturalism? | Culture influences behavior and mental processes. |
| What is Cognitive psychology? | Emphasizes processes such as thinking language, attention, memory and intelligence. |
| What is evolution psychology? | Emphasizes Charles Darwin's theory of evolution as an influence on behavior. |
| What is neuroscience? | The link between behavior and mental processes of the brain. |
| What is positive psychology? | Emphasizes people's strengths and success. To be the better you can be. |
| What is Biopsychosocial Theory/ Biopsychology?: | A popular perspective that the combination of biological, psychological and social factors influence behavior. |
| Why does psychological require a scientific approach? | So whatever psychology discovers it’s not based on introspection, its based on science and taken much more seriously. Things are not being made up. |
| What is descriptive psychology? | To describe a characteristic of the population |
| What is correlational psychology? | Determine the relationship between two variables |
| What is experimental psychology? | Determine the cause and effect relationship within the two variables by manipulating one and observing changes in the other. |
| What are the goals of psychology? | Descriptive, correlation and experimental |
| What's the difference between descriptive, correlational and experimental? | Descriptive: describes a variable Correlational: Determine the relationship between two variables Experimental: cause and effect relationship within the two variables by manipulating one and the other stays the same. |
| What are the five steps of the scientific method? | Posing a question Conducting a literature review Developing a hypothesis Testing the hypothesis by collecting data Analyzing the data and drawing conclusions |
| How do psychologist share their results? | By peer review process and then present at a professional conference or articles in professional conference |
| What's the peer review process? | Letting other psychologist view and criticize your work |
| What is Confirmation bias? | To prefer information that confirms what you thought in the first place. |
| What are the six methods of psychology? | Biophyschology Behavioral Cognitive Humanism Psychoanalysis Multiculturalism |
| What ethical obligation do psychology researchers have? | Don't harms the participates Obtain informed consent Allow participants to withdraw Keep their information confidential Debrief participants Get approval from IRB Make sure authors are being credited |
| What is a Variable? | anything that can change |
| What is negative correlation? | One variable goes up and the other variable goes down |
| What is positive correlation? | Both variables goes up |
| What is zero correlation coefficient: | the absence of correlation. |
| What Is +.1? | No correlation |
| What is +.6? | Positive correlation |
| What is - .8? | Negative correlation |
| What is theory? | A proposed explanation for the observation |
| What is a hypothesis? | A prediction that can be tested |
| What is operational definition? | Measurable definition of a variable for the purpose of a scientific study. |
| What is Pseudophychology? | psychological information that is not true supported by science but may appear to be |
| What are the different types of Pseudophychology? | Mesmerism, Physiognomy and Phrenology. |
| What is mesmerism? | a practice in which a healer moves magnets or empty hands over your body to adjust your balance of fluids or to induce a hypnotic trace. |
| What is Physiognomy? | personality characteristics determined by the face |
| What is Phrenology? | bumps in the skull revealed personality characteristics and mental abilities. |
| What is psychoanalysis? | a perspective in psychology created by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes unconscious mental activity |
| Peer review process: when experts like psychologist or scientist on the subject review your work | when experts like psychologist or scientist on the subject review your work |
| Evaluation role: | they receive submissions from researchers and decide whether its worthy to share with the professional community |
| What is debriefing? | when the study is over to offer an explanation of the study’s purpose and to learn about its results and conclusions. |
| What is informed consent to research? | psychologist inform people about their research and obtain their consent before participation can occur. |
| What is a case study? | Conduct research in which the sample consist of just one person (or a very small group) studied in great depth. |
| What are natural observations? | psychologist collects data by visiting them in their real world location where behavior happens naturally |
| What are laboratory observations? | the psychologist collects data from watching their behavior in an psychologist lab. |
| What is population? | a whole range of people on whom the reacher is focused on |
| What is a Literature review? | a researcher learns what previous research on the topic already |
| What is replication? | conducting a study again for the purpose of confirming or disconfirming the results |
| What is a independent variable? | the variable is manipulated by the researcher |
| What is a dependent variable? | the variable that depends independent's outcome |
| Experimental group: | a group of participates who receive treatment that is focused on the study |
| What is a control group: | a group of participates do not receive treatment |
| What causation fallacy | a mistaken belief in correlation relates to causation |
| Belief perseverance? | a tendency to maintain a belief even when evidence suggests its incorrect |
| Critical thinking? | a challenging approach to ideas and assumptions |
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