Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psychology ex
Intro to Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Psychology | The scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
| Biopsychology | Specializes in the biological bases of behavior |
| Experimental psychology | Methodological study of sensing, perceiving, learning and thinking |
| Cognitive psychology | Emphasis on higher mental processes |
| Developmental psychology | Changes in behavior over the life span (womb to tomb) |
| Personality psychology | Examines consistencies in people’s behavior over time and traits that differentiate us from one another |
| Health psychology | Explores relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease. |
| Clinical psychology | Investigates diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders |
| Social psychology | Studies how people are affected by others |
| Cross-cultural psychology | Focuses on the similarities and differences in psychological functioning across cultures and ethnic groups |
| Clinical neuropsychology | Focuses on relationships between biological factors and psychological disorders |
| Evolutionary psychology | Examines influence of our genetic heritage and our behavior |
| Structuralism | Focused on the basic building blocks of perception, consciousness, thinking, and emotions |
| Functionalism | Moved from structure to what the mind does and how behavior functions |
| Humanistic perspective | Free will; Natural tendency to be in control of our lives |
| Psychodynamic perspective | Behavioral influences of inner forces |
| Cognitive perspective | How people think, understand, and know about the world |
| Behavioral perspective | Focus on observable events |
| Archival research | Use of existing data in order to test a hypothesis |
| Naturalistic observation | Observation of naturally occurring behavior without intervention |
| Survey research | A sample of people are asked a series of questions about their behavior, thoughts, and attitudes in order to represent a larger population |
| Case study | An in-depth, intensive investigation of an individual or small group of people |
| Correlational research | The relationship between two sets of variables is examined to determine whether they are associated, or “correlated” ; Correlation does not mean “causation” ; Ranges from +1 to -1 |
| Variables (research) | Behaviors, events, or other characteristics that can change, or vary in some way |
| Independent variable | The variable that is manipulated by the experimenter |
| Dependent variable | The variable that is measured and is expected to change as a result of changes caused by the the experimenter’s manipulation of the independent variable |
| Dendrites | Receive messages from other neurons |
| Axons | Carries messages destined for other cells |
| Myelin Sheath | wrap themselves around the axon providing a protective coating |
| All-or-none law | Neurons are either on or off |
| Resisting state | Negative electric charge within the neuron |
| Action impulse | An electric nerve impulse that travels through a neuron, changing the cell’s charge from negative to positive |
| Excitatory messages | A chemical secretion that makes it more likely that a receiving neuron will fire and an action potential will travel down its axon. |
| Inhibitory messages | A chemical secretion that prevents a receiving neuron from firing |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to the dendrite (and sometimes the cell body) of a receiver neuron |
| Synapse | A chemical connection that bridges the gap between two neurons |
| Neurotransmitters location | Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, |
| Neurotransmitters effect | Excitatory |
| Neurotransmitters function | Muscle movement; cognitive functioning |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | Spinal Cord Reflexes; Sensory (Afferent) Neurons; Motor (Efferent) Neurons; Interneurons |
| Endocrine System | Hormones- affect the functioning or growth of other parts of the body; Pituitary gland- the “master gland” |
| Brain research methods | Electroencephalogram (EEG); Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) Scan; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI); Positron Emission Tomography (PET); Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID); Case Studies; Neurological Surgical Procedures |
| Brain's central core | controls such basic functions as eating and sleeping |
| Brain's cerebellum | controls bodily balance |
| Brain's thalamus | relay station for information concerning senses |
| Brain's hypothalamus | maintains homeostasis and produces vital basic behavior |
| Brain's cerebral cortex | responsible for the most sophisticated information processing in the brain |
| Brain's association areas | Apraxia |
| Brain's motor area | responsible for voluntary movements of particular parts of the body |
| Brain's speech areas | Broca’s area; Wernicke’s area |
| Brain's sensory areas | somatosensory area; auditory area; visual area |
| Brain's hemispheres | two symmetrical left and right halves of the brain that control the side of the body opposite to their location |
| Brain's lateralization | the dominance of one hemisphere of the brain in specific functions |
| Split brain patients | a person who suffers from independent functioning of the two halves of the brain |
| Introspection | A procedure used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked to describe in detail what they are experiencing when they are exposed to a stimulus |
| Carl Rogers | published Client-Centered Therapy in 1951, helping to establish the humanistic perspective |
| John B. Watson | Early behaviorist, published Behaviorism in 1924. |
| Wilhelm Wundt | Establishes first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. Leader in founding instrospection. |
| William James | publishes Principles of Psychology in 1890. Leading functionalist. |
| Phrenology | a psychological theory or analytical method based on the belief that certain mental faculties and character traits are indicated by the configurations of the skull. |
| Trephination | Outdated procedure using a surgical sawlike instrument for removing circular sections of bone, esp from the skull |
| Hypotheses | Theory-based predictions stated in a way that allows them to be tested. |
| Latane and Darley's diffusion of responsibility | This occurs when observers all assume that someone else is going to intervene and so each individual feels less responsible and refrains from doing anything |
| Kitty Genovese | Bystander effect; Newspaper reports after Genovese's death claimed that 38 witnesses watched the stabbings and failed to intervene or even contact the police. This led to widespread public attention, and many editorials. |
| Biofeedback | a method of learning to control one's bodily functions by monitoring one's own brain waves, blood pressure, degree of muscle tension, etc. |
Created by:
youngcreamy@gmail.co
Popular Psychology sets