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Clinical Psychology
Personality Assessment
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personality Assessment | measurement of personal characteristics. Skill in professional psychology that involves administering, scoring, and interpreting empirically validated personality trait. |
| Objective personality / tests | administration of standard set of questions and examinee responds using fixed set of options. May use true/false |
| Content Validation | defining all relevant aspects of variable you are attempting to measure. Consulting experts before generating items |
| Empirical-criterion keying | method for developing personality inventories in which the items (presumed to measure one or more traits) are created & administered to a criterion group of people known to possess certain characteristics. |
| Factor Analysis | Exploratory and Confirmatory |
| Exploratory factor | approach is atheoretical. Start with many test items then narrow them down to basic elements. Attempt to arrive at the core traits & dimensions of personality. |
| Confirmatory Factor | theory driven, seeking to confirm a hypothesized factor structure (based on theoretical predictions) for the test items |
| Construct Validity Approach | mixed aspects of content validity, empirical criterion keying, factor analytic approaches. Scales are developed to measure specific concepts form a give theory. |
| MMPI & MMPI 2 | best example of the empirical keying approach to test construction |
| MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) | developed by Hathaway & Mckinley in 1943. Purpose is to identify psychiatric diagnosis of individuals |
| MMPI 2 | revised version of the original. Main problem is susceptibility to distortion through various test-taking attitudes. |
| Revised NEO-Personality Inventory | began in 1970. measures the big five traits (neuroticism, extraversion, opennes, agreeableness, conscientiousness) |
| NEO-PI-R | developed using a rational-empirical test construction strategy that emphasized construct validity. |
| Projective Tests | provide ambiguous test stimulus. Response requirements are unclear. |
| Rorschach | consists of ten cards on which are printed inkblots that are symmetrical from right to left. five of the ten cards are black & white, the other five are colored. |
| Hermann Rorshach | in 1921 a Swiss Psychiatrist published book called Psychodiagnostik where he described his use of inkblots to diagnose psychiatric patients. |
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | introduced by Christiana D. Morgan & Henry A. Murray in 1935 |
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | to reveal patients' basic personality characteristics through interpretation of their imaginative productions in response to a series of pictures. |
| Incremental Validity | refers to degree to which a procedure adds to the prediction obtainable from other sources. Articulated by Sechrest (1963) |
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xiaolongbaoshe
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