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8th Grade-SP-Sept.
September Spelling Activities for 8th Grade
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| renaissance | The period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, marked by a revival of Classical learning and values, as well as new developments in art, science, and exploration. |
| humanism | A philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes human agency and well-being, rejects supernaturalism, and relies on reason and science. In the Renaissance, it was a scholarly movement that revived classical Greek and Roman texts. |
| patron | A person, often wealthy and influential, who provides financial or other support to an artist, writer, musician, or institution. |
| perspective | An artistic technique used to create the illusion of three-dimensional space on a flat, two-dimensional surface. It can also refer to a specific point of view or way of regarding things. |
| fresco | A type of mural painting created by applying paint to wet plaster, which fuses the pigment with the wall as it dries. |
| apprentice | A person who works for a skilled or qualified master for a specified period in order to learn a trade or profession. |
| guild | An association of artisans or merchants who oversee the practice of their craft or trade in a particular area, especially in the Middle Ages. |
| manuscript | A book, document, or other written work, typically created by hand rather than printed. |
| innovation | The process of developing and applying new ideas, products, or processes to create value. |
| invention | A new device, process, or method that has been conceived through thought and experimentation. |
| reformation | A 16th-century religious movement that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of the Protestant churches. |
| voyage | A long journey by water or, more recently, through air or space. |
| revolution | The overthrow or a total and sudden change of government or social order, often with violence. |
| protestant | A member or adherent of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church, whose origins trace back to the Reformation. |
| navigation | The process of planning, recording, and controlling the movement of a craft from one location to another. |
| constitution | The fundamental law of a sovereign body, often a single written document, that establishes the structure of government, defines its powers, and guarantees certain rights. |
| indulgence | In the Roman Catholic Church, a remission of the temporal punishment still due for sin, granted by the church. It can also mean the act of gratifying one's desires. |
| longitude | An angular distance on the Earth's surface, measured in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian. |
| independence | The state of being free from the control, influence, or support of others. |
| heresy | Belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious (especially Christian) doctrine. |
| latitude | The angular distance of a place north or south of the Earth's equator, usually expressed in degrees and minutes. |
| declaration | A formal or explicit statement or announcement. |
| doctrine | A belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a Church, political party, or other group. |
| caravel | A small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century, used for long voyages of exploration. |
| amendment | A minor change or addition designed to improve a text, piece of legislation, or constitution. |
| martyr | A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs. |
| astrolabe | An instrument formerly used to make astronomical measurements, typically of the altitudes of celestial bodies, and used in navigation. |
| federalism | A system of government in which power is divided between a national government and several regional governments. |
| edict | An official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority. |
| circumnavigate | To sail all the way around something, especially the world. |
| ratify | To sign or give formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid. |
| excommunication | The action of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church. |
| colony | A country or area under the full or partial political control of another country and occupied by settlers from that country. |
| sovereignty | Supreme power or authority; the authority of a state to govern itself. |
| denomination | A recognized autonomous branch of the Christian Church. |
| conquistador | A conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century. |
| confederation | An organization that consists of a number of parties or groups united in an alliance or league. |
| council | An advisory, deliberative, or legislative body of people formally constituted and meeting regularly. |
| expedition | A journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose, especially that of exploration, scientific research, or war. |
| bill | A draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion. |
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