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CNS 3-5

Central Diseases 3

Pharmacologic CategoryGeneric NameBrand NameCommon IndicationKey Side EffectsBBW/ON
Antimanic agent lithium Lithobid Bipolar Disorder tremor, acne, hypothyroidism, weight gain, polyuria, polydipsia, GI upset BBW: ability to promptly monitor levels is necessary ON: narrow therapeutic index drug, avoid in pregnancy
Antimigraine sumatriptan Imitrex Migraine fatigue, somnolence, dizziness, chest tightness,paresthesias CI in Ischemic HD, h/o stroke/TIA, peripheral vascular disease, uncontrolled HTN
Antimigraine rizatriptan Maxalt Migraine fatigue, somnolence, dizziness, chest tightness, parasthesias CI in Ischemic HD, h/o stroke/TIA, peripheral vascular disease, uncontrolled HTN
First- generation antipsychotic haloperidol Haldol Schizophrenia sedation, EPS, parkinsonism, xerostomia, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, QTc prolongation elderly patients w/ dementia-related psychosis treated w/ antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Second-generation antipsychotic clozapine Clozaril Treatment-resistant schizophrenia sedation, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, sialorrhea, hyperglycemia, weight gain, neutropenia may cause severe neutropenia, orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, syncope, seizures, fetal myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, elderly patients w/ dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Second-generation antipsychotic aripiprazole PO/IM: Abilify IM: Aristada Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) akathisia, restlessness, sedation, EPS, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain antidepressants increase risk of suicidal thinking/behavior in children, adolescents, young adults, elderly patients w/ dementia-related psychosis treated w/ antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Second-generation antipsychotic quetiapine Seroquel, Seroquel XR Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) sedation, EPS, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain antidepressants increase risk of suicidal thinking/behavior in children, adolescents, young adults, elderly patients w/ dementia-related psychosis treated w/ antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Second-generation antipsychotic lurasidone Latuda Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) sedation, EPS, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain antidepressants increase risk of suicidal thinking/behavior in children, adolescents, young adults, elderly patients w/ dementia-related psychosis treated w/ antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death. CI w/ strong 3A4 inhibitors/inducers
Second-generation antipsychotic olanzapine Zyprexa Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) sedation, EPS, xerostomia, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, hyperglycemia elderly patients w/ dementia related psychosis treated w/ antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Second-generation antipsychotic risperidone PO: Risperdal IM: Risperdal Consta Schizophrenia sedation, EPS, xerostomia, constipation, hypotension, weight gain, hyperglycemia elderly patients w/ dementia related psychosis treated w/ antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Anticonvulsant carbamazepine Tegretol Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder dizziness, drowsiness, headache, ataxia, nausea, vomiting, hyponatremia risk of serious dermatologic reactions (including SJS and TEN) in patients w/ certain genetic predisposition; may cause aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis
Anticonvulsant lamotrigine Lamictal Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder nausea, vomiting, somnolence, skin rash, alopecia risk of serious dermatologic reactions, including SJS
Anticonvulsant divalproex (valproic acid derivative) Depakote, Depakote ER Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, migraine prophylaxis drowsiness, weight gain, tremor, alopecia, thrombocytopenia, hyperammonemia may cause fatal hepatic failure, may cause life-threatening pancreatitis; fetal toxicity
Anticonvulsant topiramate Topamax Seizure disorders, migraine prophylaxis somnolence, dizziness, memory impairment, weight loss ---
Anticonvulsant levetiracetam Keppra Seizure disorders somnolence, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, asthenia, psychotic symptoms, agitation ---
Anticonvulsant oxcarbazepine Trileptal Seizure disorders somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, hyponatremia ---
Anticonvulsant gabapentin Neurontin Seizure disorders, neuropathic pain somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision, peripheral edema, weight gain ---
Anticonvulsant pregabalin Lyrica (CS-V) Seizure disorders, neuropathic pain somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision, peripheral edema, weight gain ---
Antianxiety buspirone Buspar Anxiety dizziness, drowsiness, nausea do not use w/ MAOI
Benzodiazepine alprazolam CS-IV Xanax Anxiety daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma/death w/ opioids; abuse, misuse, addiction, dependence/withdrawal rxns
Benzodiazepine clonazepam CS-IV Klonopin Anxiety, seizure disorders daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma/death w/ opioids; abuse, misuse, addiction, dependence/withdrawal rxns
Benzodiazepine diazepam CS-IV Valium Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma/death w/ opioids; abuse, misuse, addiction, dependence/withdrawal rxns
Benzodiazepine lorazepam CS-IV Ativan Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated w/ toxicity if used > 48 hrs
Benzodiazepine midazolam CS-IV Versed Anesthesia, sedation hypotension, apnea, bradypnea risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma/death w/ opioids or when used for sedation in noncritical settings; abuse, misuse, addiction, dependence/withdrawal rxns, dose must be individualized; never give by rapid injection in neonates
Hypnotic zolpidem CS-IV PO: Ambien, Ambien CR SL: Edluar Insomnia decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, anterograde amnesia, parasomnias serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors; CI in patients w/ h/o of complex sleep disorders
Sleep aid melatonin --- Insomnia, jet lag drowsiness, daytime somnolence ---
Sedative, general anesthetic propofol Diprivan Sedation for mechanical ventilation, procedural anesthesia, status epilepticus bradycardia, hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia, infusion syndrome (rare) formulated as a 10% lipid emulsion containing 1.1 kcal/mL
Alpha 2 agonist, sedative dexmedetomidine Precedex Sedation for mechanical ventilation or procedures bradycardia, hypotension tolerance and tachyphylaxis may occur if used longer than 24 hrs
Created by: TORICBC
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