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CNS 5

Pharmacologic CategoryGenericBrandClassificationIndicationKey side effectsBoxed warningsOther notes
Antianxiety agent buspirone (PO) Buspar n/a Anxiety dizziness, drowsiness, nausea n/a do not use with MAOI
Benzodiazepine alprazolam (PO) Xanax CS-IV Anxiety daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated with toxicity if used ≥ 48 hours
Benzodiazepine clonazepam (PO) Klonopin CS-IV Anxiety, seizure disorders daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated with toxicity if used ≥ 48 hours
Benzodiazepine diazepam (PO, IV) Valium CS-IV Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated with toxicity if used ≥ 48 hours
Benzodiazepine lorazepam (PO, IV) Ativan CS-IV Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated with toxicity if used ≥ 48 hours
Benzodiazepine midazolam (IV, IM) Versed CS-IV Anesthesia, sedation hypotension, apnea, bradypnea risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma/death with opioids or used for sedation in noncritical places; risk of abuse,misuse,addiction; risk of dependence/withdrawal reactions; dose must be individualized; never by rapid inject in neonat n/a
Hypnotic zolpidem (PO) PO: Ambien, Ambien CR SL: Edluar CS-IV Insomnia decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, anterograde amnesia, parasomnias serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors (i.e., sleepwalking, sleep driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake); CI in patients with history of complex sleep behaviors n/a
Sleep aid melatonin (PO) n/a OTC Insomnia, jet lag drowsiness, daytime somnolence n/a n/a
Sedative, general anesthetic propofol (IV) Diprivan n/a Sedation for mechanical ventilation, procedural anesthesia, status epilepticus bradycardia, hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia, propofol-related infusion syndrome (rare) n/a formulated as a 10% lipid emulsion containing 1.1 kcal/mL
Alpha2 agonist, sedative dexmedetomidine (IV) Precedex n/a Sedation for mechanical ventilation or procedures bradycardia, hypotension n/a tolerance and tachyphylaxis may occur if used longer than 24 hours
Created by: ziad5
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