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Waves & Energy

Grade 8 Q2 Seq 5 - How does energy travel as waves?

QuestionAnswer
Light wave A type of electromagnetic wave that lets us see and travels very fast through air or space; part of the visible light range of the EM spectrum.
Sound wave A type of mechanical wave that travels through solids, liquids, or gases and lets us hear sound; it cannot travel through a vacuum.
Wave A repeating movement that carries energy from one place to another without moving matter permanently.
Medium The substance (like air, water, or a solid) that a mechanical wave needs to travel through.
Reflect When a wave bounces off a surface instead of passing through it.
Refract When a wave bends as it moves from one medium to another, changing speed and direction.
Absorb When a material takes in the energy of a wave instead of reflecting or letting it pass through.
Radiation Energy that travels through space as electromagnetic waves, such as light or heat.
Wavelength The distance between one wave crest (or peak) and the next; it helps determine the energy of the wave.
Infrared waves Electromagnetic waves with longer wavelengths and lower energy than visible light; felt as heat.
Visible light The only part of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see; it has medium wavelengths and energy, with red having the longest and violet the shortest.
Ultraviolet waves Electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelengths and more energy than visible light; they can cause sunburn and are used to kill bacteria.
White light Light that contains all the colors of visible light combined; when passed through a prism, it splits into a rainbow.
Electromagnetic spectrum The full range of electromagnetic waves, from long-wavelength, low-energy waves (like radio) to short-wavelength, high-energy waves (like gamma).
Frequency The number of wave cycles that pass a point in one second; higher frequency means more energy.
Radio waves The longest wavelength and lowest energy electromagnetic waves; used in radios, TVs, and wireless communication.
Transverse waves Waves where the particles move up and down or side to side, while the wave travels forward (like light waves).
Longitudinal waves Waves where the particles move back and forth in the same direction the wave is traveling (like sound waves).
Amplitude The height of a wave from its middle line to the top (crest); more amplitude means more energy.
Vacuum A space with no matter, where mechanical waves can't travel, but electromagnetic waves like light can.
Solid A state of matter with a fixed shape and volume; particles are tightly packed together.
Liquid A state of matter with a definite volume but no fixed shape; particles can move past one another.
Gas A state of matter with no fixed shape or volume; particles move freely and spread out.
Mechanical waves Waves that need a medium (like air, water, or solid objects) to travel through, such as sound or water waves.
Electromagnetic waves Waves that can travel through space without a medium; include light, radio waves, and X-rays.
Wave energy The energy carried by waves; the bigger the wave or the higher the frequency, the more energy it has.
X-ray waves Electromagnetic waves with very short wavelengths and high energy; they can pass through most materials and are used in medical imaging.
Gamma waves The shortest wavelength and highest energy electromagnetic waves; produced by radioactive materials and dangerous in large amounts.
Microwaves Electromagnetic waves shorter than radio waves but longer than infrared; used in cooking and radar.
Control group A group in an experiment that doesn’t receive the test treatment; it's used to compare results and see if the treatment works.
Thermal energy The energy of moving particles in a substance; the faster the particles move, the more heat (thermal energy) there is.
Created by: user-1840993
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