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Unit 1-Energy PART 1
Unit 1-Energy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is mechanical energy? | Energy of motion or position |
| What is thermal energy? | Energy of heat; movement of particles |
| What is electrical energy? | Energy from the flow of electrons |
| What is chemical energy? | Energy stored in bonds of food; fuel; or batteries |
| What is nuclear energy? | Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom |
| What is radiant energy? | Energy carried by electromagnetic waves such as light |
| Why is food an example of chemical energy? | Food stores energy in chemical bonds that the body can release |
| Why does a moving car have mechanical energy? | Because it has motion and moving objects have energy |
| What happens to total energy when it changes form? | The Law of Conservation of Energy says it stays the same |
| Explain how energy is conserved when you rub your hands together. | Mechanical energy transforms into thermal energy from friction but no energy is lost |
| Explain why a roller coaster at the top of a hill has potential energy. | It has stored energy due to its position which can transform into kinetic energy |
| Use CER to explain the energy change when a ball falls from a table. | Claim: The ball changes from potential to kinetic; Evidence: It speeds up as it falls; Reasoning: Energy is not lost but transformed as gravity pulls it down |
| What energy change happens in a battery powering a light bulb? | Chemical energy → Electrical energy → Radiant energy and Thermal energy |
| What energy change happens in photosynthesis? | Radiant energy from the sun → Chemical energy stored in glucose |
| What energy change happens when wood burns in a fire? | Chemical energy → Thermal energy and Radiant energy |
| What energy change happens in a toaster? | Electrical energy → Thermal energy and Radiant energy |
| What energy change happens in a car engine? | Chemical energy in fuel → Mechanical energy for motion and Thermal energy |
| Why does a moving swing eventually stop? | Mechanical energy transforms into thermal energy due to friction and air resistance |
| Why does your body get warmer when you exercise? | Chemical energy in food transforms into mechanical motion and thermal heat |
| Why does a phone battery heat up when charging? | Electrical energy transforms into chemical energy stored in the battery and some thermal energy |
| Explain the energy transformations in a flashlight. | Claim: Energy changes from chemical to light; Evidence: The battery powers the bulb; Reasoning: Chemical energy changes into electrical then radiant and thermal energy |
| Explain how energy is transformed in a roller coaster ride. | Claim: Energy changes from potential to kinetic; Evidence: The coaster speeds up downhill; Reasoning: Energy is conserved but friction makes some thermal energy |
| Explain why a TV uses more than one type of energy. | Claim: Electrical energy is the input; Evidence: It produces light sound and heat; Reasoning: Energy transforms into multiple forms but is not destroyed |
| What is potential energy? | Stored energy due to position or condition |
| What is kinetic energy? | Energy of motion |
| How are potential and kinetic energy related on a roller coaster? | At the top potential is greatest; as it moves down kinetic increases while potential decreases |
| What type of energy is greatest at the bottom of a swing? | Kinetic energy |
| What type of energy is greatest at the highest point of a swing? | Potential energy |
| Explain the potential and kinetic energy changes on a roller coaster hill. | Potential is highest at the top; kinetic increases going down; total energy is conserved |
| Why does a ball never bounce back to its original height? | Some potential and kinetic energy transform into thermal and sound energy |
| Use CER to explain energy in a pendulum swing. | Claim: Energy changes between potential and kinetic; Evidence: Highest point has potential; bottom has kinetic; Reasoning: Energy is conserved but some is lost to friction as thermal |
| A student drops a rock into water. Explain the energy changes. | Potential energy at rest → Kinetic as it falls → Sound and thermal when it hits the water |
| Where is potential energy the greatest on a ball’s trajectory? | At the highest point of motion because it has the most stored energy |
| On a roller coaster track when is kinetic energy greatest? | At the bottom of a hill when the car is moving fastest |
| In a toy car rolling down a ramp how do potential and kinetic energy change? | Potential energy decreases as the car goes down and transforms into kinetic energy that increases |
| A battery has 100 J of chemical energy and a fan uses 75 J to spin. Where did the other 25 J go? | It transformed into thermal energy or heat due to inefficiency |
| If a system starts with 200 J of potential energy how much total energy is left after it transforms? | 200 J because energy is conserved |
| Why does a machine never use 100 percent of its energy for work? | Some energy always transforms into thermal energy due to friction |
| A student claims a flashlight transforms energy. What is the best evidence? | The chemical energy in the battery changes into electrical energy that powers the bulb producing light and heat |
| A teacher claims that a TV uses more than one form of energy. What is the best evidence? | Electrical energy transforms into light images sound and thermal heat from the television |
| When a bow releases an arrow what is the best evidence of energy transfer? | The stored potential energy in the stretched bowstring transforms into kinetic energy in the moving arrow |
| What is mechanical energy? | Energy of motion or position |
| What is thermal energy? | Energy of heat; movement of particles |
| What is electrical energy? | Energy from the flow of electrons |
| What is chemical energy? | Energy stored in bonds of food; fuel; or batteries |
| What is nuclear energy? | Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom |
| What is radiant energy? | Energy carried by electromagnetic waves such as light |
| Why is food an example of chemical energy? | Food stores energy in chemical bonds that the body can release |
| What happens to total energy when it changes form? | The Law of Conservation of Energy says it stays the same |
| Why is the Law of Conservation of Energy important? | It explains energy is not created or destroyed but changes forms |
| Explain how energy is conserved when you rub your hands together. | Mechanical energy transforms into thermal energy from friction but no energy is lost |
| What energy change happens in a battery powering a light bulb? | Chemical energy → Electrical energy → Radiant energy (light) and Thermal energy (heat) |
| What energy change happens in photosynthesis? | Radiant energy from the sun → Chemical energy stored in glucose |
| What energy change happens when wood burns in a fire? | Chemical energy → Thermal energy (heat); Radiant energy (light); and Mechanical energy (expanding gases and sound) |
| What energy change happens in a toaster? | Electrical energy → Thermal energy (heat); Radiant energy (light); and Mechanical energy (spring that pops up the toast) |
| What energy change happens in a car engine? | Chemical energy in fuel → Mechanical energy (motion); Thermal energy (heat); Sound energy; and Radiant energy (light from spark) |
| Why does a moving swing eventually stop? | Mechanical energy transforms into thermal energy due to friction and air resistance |
| Why does your body get warmer when you exercise? | Chemical energy in food transforms into Mechanical energy (movement) and Thermal energy (heat) |
| Why does a phone battery heat up when charging? | Electrical energy transforms into Chemical energy stored in the battery and some Thermal energy (heat) |
| Explain the energy transformations in a flashlight. | Chemical energy → Electrical energy → Radiant energy (light) and Thermal energy (heat) |
| Explain why a TV uses more than one type of energy. | Electrical energy → Radiant energy (light images); Sound energy; and Thermal energy (heat) |
| What is potential energy? | Stored energy due to position or condition |
| What is kinetic energy? | Energy of motion |
| How are potential and kinetic energy related on a roller coaster? | At the top potential is greatest; as it moves down kinetic increases while potential decreases |
| What type of energy is greatest at the bottom of a swing? | Kinetic energy |
| What type of energy is greatest at the highest point of a swing? | Potential energy |
| Explain the potential and kinetic energy changes on a roller coaster hill. | Potential is highest at the top; kinetic increases going down; total energy is conserved |
| Why does a ball never bounce back to its original height? | Some potential and kinetic energy transform into Thermal energy and Sound energy |
| Use CER to explain energy in a pendulum swing. | Claim: Energy changes between potential and kinetic; Evidence: Highest point has potential; bottom has kinetic; Reasoning: Energy is conserved but some is lost to friction as Thermal energy |
| A student drops a rock into water. Explain the energy changes. | Potential energy at rest → Kinetic as it falls → Sound and Thermal energy when it hits the water |
| Where is potential energy the greatest on a ball’s trajectory? | At the highest point of motion because it has the most stored energy |
| Where is kinetic energy the greatest on a ball’s trajectory? | At the lowest point or just before hitting the ground because the speed is greatest |
| On a roller coaster track when is potential energy greatest? | At the top of the tallest hill |
| On a roller coaster track when is kinetic energy greatest? | At the bottom of a hill when the car is moving fastest |
| In a toy car rolling down a ramp how do potential and kinetic energy change? | Potential energy decreases as the car goes down and transforms into kinetic energy that increases |
| A battery has 100 J of chemical energy and a fan uses 75 J to spin. Where did the other 25 J go? | It transformed into Thermal energy or heat due to inefficiency |
| If a system starts with 200 J of potential energy how much total energy is left after it transforms? | 200 J because energy is conserved |
| Why does a machine never use 100 percent of its energy for work? | Some energy always transforms into Thermal energy due to friction |
| A student claims a flashlight transforms energy. What is the best evidence? | The chemical energy in the battery changes into Electrical energy that powers the bulb producing light and heat |
| A teacher claims that a TV uses more than one form of energy. What is the best evidence? | Electrical energy transforms into Radiant energy (light images); Sound energy; and Thermal energy (heat) |
| When a bow releases an arrow what is the best evidence of energy transfer? | The stored Potential energy in the stretched bowstring transforms into Kinetic energy in the moving |
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