Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
psychology
sleep
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sleep Deprivation | going without sleep or not getting sufficient amounts of sleep to support optimal daytime functioning |
| partial sleep deprivation | getting some sleep in a 24-hour period but less than normally required for optimal daytime functioning |
| total sleep deprivation | getting no sleep at all in a 24-hour period |
| acute partial sleep deprivation | a lack of adequate sleep time required for optimal daytime functioning, usually lasting 1-2 days. causes lowered attention, increased irritability, decreased reaction time and eye spasms/blurry vision. |
| chronic partial sleep deprivation | routinely sleeping less than the normal time needed for optimal daytime functioning (more than 3 weeks). can cause heart disease, obesity, insomnia and anxiety. |
| effective functioning | emotional control or responsiveness |
| REM rebound | the process whereby an individual experiences extra amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of it |
| restoration theory | a theory that states that sleep is vital for replenishing and revitalising the mind and body to keep them functioning at optimal levels |
| evolutionary theory | a theory that suggests that we have periods of inactivity or sleep when we do not need to engage in activities important to our survival |
| sleep disorder | a condition that consistently disrupts the normal NREM-REM cycle |
| sleep-wake cycle | the rhythmic biological pattern of alternating sleep with wakefulness over a 24-hour period |
| circadian rhythms | regular automatic physiological changes controlled by the superchiasmatic nucleus that occur during a 24-hour cycle to regulate bodily processes such as body temperature |
| suprachiasmatic nucleus | cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus located directly above the optic chiasma. receives information on intensity and duration of light from the retina via the optic nerve, which it uses to regulate the body's circadian rhythms. |
| hypothalamus | a brain structure that activates, controls and integrates the peripheral autonomic nervous system, endocrine processes and many somatic functions such as body temperature, sleep and appetite. |
| pineal gland | a gland in the centre of the brain that secretes melatonin and helps regulate body rhythms and sleep-wake cycle |
| circadian phase disorder | a sleep disorder that disturbs a person's ability to sleep and wake for the periods of time necessary to maintain good health and wellbeing caused by the sleep-wake cycle being out of sync with the natural night-day cycle of the environment |
| sleep | an altered state of consciousness that features the suspension of awareness of the external environment and is accompanied by a number of physiological changes to the body |
| electroencephalograph (EEG) | a machine used to detect, amplify and record the brain's electrical activity, measured in brain waves |
| electromyograph (EMG) | a machine used to detect, amplify and record the electrical activity of voluntary muscles |
| REM (rapid eye movement )sleep | a type of sleep characterised by brain waves with high frequency a low amplitude; the muscles of the body are in a state of paralysis and dreams may be experienced |
| NREM sleep | broken into 3 stages, where the sleeper falls into a deeper and deeper sleep as the stages progress; characterised by relaxation of muscles, slowing down of physiological functions, and brainwaves that decrease in frequency and decrease in amplitude |
| hypnogogic state | a state when alpha waves begin to present on the EEG an a person is drifting from wakefulness to sleep |
| hypnic jerk | a reflex muscle contraction that occurs during stage 1 of NREM sleep as the body is relaxing |
| sleep spindles | a type of brain activity characterised by a short burst of high-frequency brainwaves, experienced during 2 NREM sleep |
| slow-wave sleep | a sleep state characterised by the emergence of delta waves. SWS experienced during stage 3 NREM sleep. |
| NREM1 stage | lasts 1-7 minutes. decreased heart rate and eye movement, muscle relaxation. body never re-enters this stage again after first time. brain produces alpha waves |
| NREM2 stage | initially lasts 10-25 minutes. heart rate continues to decrease, muscles relax further, eye movement stops. muscles occasionally twitch. increases in duration in following cycles. theta brain waves. |
| NREM3 stage | initially lasts 20-40 minutes, then decrease in length/may not occur in later cycles. minimal eye movement, muscles most relaxed, heart rate decreases. growth hormone is released. brain produces delta waves. |
| REM stage | 10-60 minutes in length, increases in duration as cycles continue. more REM in childhood than adulthood. heartrate matches waking heartrate. eyes move rapidly though vision is not transmitted. muscles (sans breathing and eyes) are paralysed. dreams occur |
| causes of sleep deprivation: shiftwork | regularly changing sleep patterns due to long shifts. prevents formation of natural circadian rhythm. melatonin production supressed due to exposure to light. |
| causes of sleep deprivation: drugs | alter physiology to some extent, changing heart rates, muscle tension and eye movement. stimulants impact the CNS. depressants cause decrease in heartrate, and a subsequent increase that disrupts sleep. hallucinogens prevent eye movement decrease |
| causes of sleep deprivation: sleep environment | melatonin suppressed by light. sleeping in bright environments, or having brightly lit devices, can suppress melatonin. loud noises stimulate SNS and cause regularly waking |
| causes of sleep deprivation: stressors | activate the SNS and increase production of cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline. make it difficult to sleep due to raising the body's heart rate and breathing rate. |
Created by:
Millie Cullender
Popular Psychology sets