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vocab psych test 1
vocab to psych test 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Critical thinking | Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions; instead, it examines assumptions, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. |
| Empiricism | The idea that knowledge comes from experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation. |
| Structuralism | An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structure of the human mind (associated with Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener). |
| Functionalism | An early school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function and enable organisms to adapt, survive, and flourish (associated with William James). |
| Introspection | The process of looking inward at one’s own thoughts, feelings, and mental experiences. |
| Humanistic psychology | A perspective that emphasizes human growth potential and the importance of meeting basic needs for love and acceptance (associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow). |
| Cognitive psychology | The scientific study of mental processes such as perception, learning, memory, thinking, and problem-solving. |
| Neuroscience | The study of the brain, spinal cord, and nerve systems, including how they influence behavior and mental processes. |
| Psychology | The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. |
| Nature–nurture issue | The long-standing debate over whether genetics (nature) or environment (nurture) plays a bigger role in shaping traits and behavior. |
| Natural selection | Charles Darwin’s principle that inherited traits that help survival and reproduction are more likely to be passed on to future generations. |
| Evolutionary psychology | The study of how evolution has shaped behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection. |
| Behavior genetics | The study of how genetics and environment influence differences in behavior. |
| Culture | The shared ideas, behaviors, attitudes, values, and traditions of a group of people passed down through generations. |
| Positive psychology | A branch of psychology that studies and promotes human strengths, virtues, and factors that help individuals and communities thrive. |
| Biopsychosocial approach | An integrated approach that examines biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors in understanding behavior or mental processes. |
| Behavioral psychology | The scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning. |
| Biological psychology | The scientific study of the links between biological processes (especially brain and nervous system) and psychological processes. |
| Psychodynamic psychology | A perspective focusing on how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior (originating from Freud’s psychoanalysis). |
| Social-cultural psychology | The study of how behavior and thinking vary across cultures and social situations. |
| Testing effect | The finding that repeated retrieval of information produces better long-term retention than re-reading material. |
| SQ3R | A study method: Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review—designed to improve comprehension and retention of information. |
| Psychometrics | The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits. |
| Personality psychology | The study of individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. |
| Developmental psychology | The study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan. |
| Educational psychology | The study of how psychological processes affect teaching and learning. |
| Social psychology | The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. |
| Applied research | Research aimed at solving practical problems rather than building pure scientific knowledge. |
| Industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology | The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces. |
| Human factors psychology | The study of how people and machines interact, and the design of safe and efficient environments. |
| Counseling psychology | A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and helps them achieve greater well-being. |
| Clinical psychology | A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders. |
| Psychiatry | A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who can prescribe medications. |
| Community psychology | A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups. |
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Joshuaju
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