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Alcohol
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the the manifestations in someone with a blood alcohol of .150%? | Major impairment of physical and mental control. Slurred speech, blurred vision, lack of motor skill |
| What are the the manifestations in someone with a blood alcohol of .400%? | Unconsciousness, threshold of coma |
| What are the the manifestations in someone with a blood alcohol of .600%? | Death from respiratory failure |
| What is the treatment for acute alcohol intoxication? | is aimed at symptomatic support (treating symptoms of bradycardia, bradypnea, and hypothermia) |
| Why do you administer thiamine, folic acid and vitamens to patients who are chronic abusers of alcohol? | chronic ingestion will lead to decreased absorption of folic acid, thiamine, niacin, and other vitamins |
| How does chronic ingestion of alcohol cause liver damage? | Chronic ingestion leads to induction of hepatic microsomal enzyme system and other enzyme systems. Chronic excessive use leads to fatty changes, infiltration, hepatitis, and hepatic cirrhosis and other biochemical changes |
| How does chronic ingestion of alcohol affect the endocrine system? | alcohol produces a diuretic effect, a decrease in testosterone levels, an increase in estrogen levels and an increase in corticotropin secretion |
| What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome? | a brain disorder involving loss of specific brain functions caused by a thiamine deficiency which commonly accompanies habitual alcohol use or alcoholism. |
| What are the symptoms of FAS? | CNS dysfunction (low IQ, microencephaly), prenatal growth retardation, cluster of facial abnormalities, limb abnormalities brain and anatomical defects |
| What is the major cause of death with methanol ingestion? | slow metabolic acidosis produced by formic acid |
| Antabuse (disulfiram) MOA? | Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase (which is the most important enzyme for in vivo metabolism of ethanol) leads to increased blood levels of acetaldehyde d/t can't convert to acetic acid. Causes signficant N & V. |
| What is the MOA of alcohol? | a. Stimulates GABA receptors-increasing GABA mediated inhibition (mediates sedative and ataxia effects) b. May also block NMDA (glutamate receptor-excitatory NT) which causes blackouts |
| Naloxone MOA in alcohol abuse? | decreases craving for ethanol |
Created by:
psfisher50
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